ALLERGIC rhinitis (AR), a common yet often underestimated condition, affects more than 400 million people globally and up to 25% of Europeans. Though not life-threatening, AR significantly impacts quality of life, interfering with sleep, cognition, and daily performance. A new systematic review and meta-analysis has now linked AR to a heightened risk of two major mental health conditions: anxiety and depression.
The study evaluated a wide body of literature to determine whether AR is associated with an increased likelihood of mood disorders. Analysing data from over 220 million individuals, researchers found that patients with AR had 1.6 times greater odds of developing depression and 1.9 times greater odds of developing anxiety compared to those without AR.
These findings align with previous evidence linking chronic conditions like asthma to mental health issues. The study suggests that the inflammatory processes central to AR may also affect the brain, potentially leading to mood disturbances through mechanisms such as elevated cytokines or histamine imbalance.
Importantly, the meta-analysis accounted for variables such as study quality, methods of diagnosis, and adjusted statistical models. Despite some limitations, such as a reliance on cross-sectional data and varied definitions of AR and mood disorders, the results remained consistent, even after removing data from the largest contributing study.
While the exact causal pathways remain uncertain, the evidence highlights the need for healthcare professionals to consider the psychological implications of AR. Given that AR often affects younger, working-age individuals, the mental health burden could be more significant than previously thought.
The study authors call for more longitudinal research and encourage clinicians to screen for mental health symptoms in patients with AR. Ultimately, recognising and addressing the psychological effects of AR may lead to more holistic and effective care for millions affected across Europe and beyond.
Reference
Rodrigues J et al. Anxiety and depression risk in patients with allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rhinology. 2021;59(4):360-73.
