PEOPLE who eat a Mediterranean-style diet may be less likely to develop severe gum disease, while frequent red meat consumption appears to increase the risk, according to new research.
In a study of 200 hospital patients, researchers carried out full periodontal assessments, blood tests, and dietary surveys using a food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet was measured, and markers of inflammation such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and several interleukins were analysed. Statistical models were used to explore the links between diet, gum disease severity, and levels of systemic inflammation.
Of the 195 patients with complete data, 112 were highly adherent to a Mediterranean-style diet. Those with lower adherence were significantly more likely to have advanced periodontitis (Stage III–IV), with an odds ratio of 0.35 (95% CI: 0.12–0.89; p=0.055). Patients who consumed red meat more frequently also had higher odds of severe gum disease (odds ratio: 2.75; 95% CI: 1.03–7.41; p=0.042). Gum disease severity was associated with inflammatory markers, particularly IL-6, while eating more plant-based foods such as fruit, vegetables, and legumes was linked to lower levels of multiple inflammatory molecules. Together, the findings suggest that diet may play an important role not only in systemic health but also in gum health and inflammation.
The results highlight the potential for nutrition to be part of everyday prevention strategies against gum disease. A Mediterranean-style diet rich in plant foods, fish, and healthy fats, with lower consumption of red meat, may offer benefits that extend beyond cardiovascular and metabolic health into oral health as well. Larger studies will be needed to confirm these associations.
Reference
Mainas G et al. Relationship between Mediterranean diet and periodontal inflammation in a UK population: a cross-sectional study. J Periodontol. 2025; DOI: 10.1002/jper.70016.
