Articles

Children diagnosed with congenital heart disease (CHD) have an increased risk of developing neurodevelopmental disabilities…

Zinc salts are one of three approved treatments for the autosomal recessive condition Wilson’s disease (WD). Their use was first described…

A previously healthy 17-year-old male was transferred from a community hospital to the authors’ tertiary paediatric emergency department…

Dermatitis artefacta (DA), also known as artefactual skin disease, is a rare psychocutaneous disorder characterised by…

Nipah virus disease is a zoonotic infection caused by the Nipah virus (NiV) of the Genus Henipavirus of the Paramyxoviridae family…

Erection is a neurovascular response accompanied by the release of neurotransmitters. The penis is innervated by autonomic (sympathetic…

Infection leads to an increased rate and duration of hospitalisation, increased treatment costs, and high morbidity and mortality in…

Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCAR) are a group of rare but potentially life-threatening conditions that can occur in response…

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a group of clinical manifestations, caused by an obstruction of venous blood flow to the heart…

Surgical site infections (SSI) are infections occurring within 30 days of the post-operative procedure. They are common post-operative…

Epitope identification is a key step in vaccine development, and this can be achieved much faster and less expensively with in silico…

Hand hygiene is one of the most effective and inexpensive means of preventing the spread of communicable diseases. Rates of handwashing…

JAK INHIBITORS have changed dermatology, and will continue to change dermatology in ways that no other class of drugs has…

Ever since medical school, I was always interested in musculoskeletal medicine and found this one of the most compelling subjects…

Bladder cancers are classified into muscle-invasive and non-muscle-invasive, the latter accounting for 75% of cases.1 Accurate and timely…

Catheters have been utilised since ancient times to assist individuals incapable of voluntarily emptying their bladder…

Psoriasis (PsO) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects around 2% of the population in Europe…

Peginterferon α-2b (Peg IFNα-2b), which inhibits viral replication in infected cells, suppresses cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, and…

Dr Enrique Casado and Professor Lothar Seefried talk about the of early identification of individuals at risk of osteoporosis fractures…

The development of a blood clot (thrombus) in a deep vein, usually in the lower limbs, is known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Pain…

When I was a medical student in the small university city of Cork, in Ireland, there was one female consultant, and she was a haematologist…

I was doing general paediatrics for a while, and was just not motivated by it. I found the physiology around cardiology…

With over 20 years of experience as a cardiologist, what initially sparked your interest in the field, and continues to motivate you at…

Fetal movements are defined as any discrete kick, flutter, swish, or roll, first perceived between 16–18 weeks in multiparous females…

I fell in love with rheumatology as a specialty during one of my first rotations as a foundation Year 1 doctor in 2007. I loved the…

The global population continues to rise, and by 2050, it is predicted that 2.1 billion people will be aged 60 years and over…

Paediatric insights from Chryssoula Tzialla, Director at Voghera Azienda Socia-Sanitaria Territoriale, Italy, highlights the burden of RSV disease in infants and the need for protection.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a relatively frequent manifestation of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorders (SARD)…

Accounting for 1–3% of all gastrointestinal (GI) tumours, the most common mesenchymal tumour of the GI tract, which originates…

Cervical cancer is a consequence of long-term infection with human papillomavirus. It is ranked fourth in both incidence and cancer-related…

There are numerous cardiac imaging modalities which aid in the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease (CAD)…

In 2022, over 92,000 kidney transplants were performed globally.1 With advancements in transplant science, 1-year graft survival rates…

I think the beginning was when I graduated in the 1960s; my thesis was on red cell enzymes within haematology, but it had nothing to do…

Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) are a group of high-end medical hardware, used to monitor and regulate the activity…

Maternal and fetal outcomes associated with the authors’ approach of Caesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta spectrum disorders…

I always knew that I wanted to work with children. My mother is a paediatric nurse practitioner, and my father is a child psychiatrist…

Ureteral fistulas are a rare occurrence, and are most commonly the result of iatrogenic trauma, although other causes include radiation…

A 54-year-old female with a history of suspected IgG4-related sclerosing disease, who had been struggling with multisystem symptoms…

The BRAF V600E mutation occurs in 8–12% of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, and is associated with poor prognosis. This…

Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. PPH affects approximately 2% of all females who…

Targetted prophylaxis is recommended for people with HAE, but many remain on attenuated androgens. EMJ spoke to two HAE experts who explain how they help patients to make the switch.

Emer Kelly. Respiratory Consultant and General Physician, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. I had asthma as a child, so…

Kiley Whalen. Physician Assistant, Adirondack Rehabilitation Medicine; Master of Science in Physician Assistant Studies at the Center for…

Methotrexate (MTX), an antimetabolite, has a multifarious mechanism of action that most notably includes folate antagonism, effects on…

Cervical cancer is established as a major cause of morbidity and mortality among females globally.1 In Kenya, and other countries with…

End-stage liver disease (ESLD) represents a non-reversible, advanced stage of cirrhosis, where the hepatic architecture is distorted and…

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) includes specialised techniques, such as sphincterotomy, balloon dilation…

Anil Dhawan – Professor of Paediatric Hepatology, King’s College London, UK. I started in paediatric hepatology in 1992, when I got a…

Smeeta Sinha National Clinical Director for Renal Medicine, NHS England, UK; Consultant Nephrologist, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation…

After being diagnosed with cancer, patients embark on a journey that involves ongoing treatments, and regular visits to healthcare…

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those on chronic haemodialysis (HD), have a higher incidence of nosocomial…

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease characterised by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells in the marrow, leading to anaemia…

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic condition caused by mutations in the haemoglobin (Hb) gene, resulting in various complications. One…

Coronary artery fistulas (CAF) are communications between a coronary artery and a major vessel or a cardiac chamber.1 More than 90% of…

HIV is an epidemic in Kenya. Females living with HIV (FLHIV) have an eight-fold increased risk of a pregnancy-related death compared to…

I am interested in family medicine and primary healthcare because primary healthcare is the first gatekeeper in the community…

My venture into paediatric cardiology began during my medical studies at the University of Padua, Italy. During my clinical rotation in…

Following the presentation of practice-changing findings from RUBY and NRG-GY018 in patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer at the SGO Annual Meeting in March 2023, data presented and published through the remainder of 2023 show that research in endometrial cancer continues at a pace.

Zinner syndrome (ZS) is a rare urogenital anomaly characterised by a triad of unilateral renal agenesis, ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst…

Mycobacterium tuberculosis causing glomerulonephritis (GN) is a rare occurrence, and its association has been seldom reported…

I was always fascinated by general medicine during my training as a medical student and house officer at the John Radcliffe Hospital…

The aim of our work was to underline that surgery can be applied as a first-line treatment. This was also the shared starting assumption…

The majority of subjects approached agreed to participate, with a small number of patients reporting time constraints as the reason for…

Melanoma of the skin is a common type of cancer that primarily affects younger patients. In Stage III melanoma, which does not involve…

Medicine is a second career for me. I was in graduate school at New York University (NYU), USA, doing interactive computer sculpture, but…

We agree that the topic of treatment of penile lichen sclerosus in boys is important, and needs more attention in clinical research and…

Since its earliest days, the effective use of anticoagulation for prevention of stroke and other thromboembolic events has been limited by…

At the time, in India, there was not a concentrated effort on specialisation available in genetics. My interest in genetics really stems…

Wolfgang Miesbach, Professor of Medicine, Frankfurt University Hospital, Germany; Congress President, European Association for Haemophilia…

João Farela Neves, Paediatrician at Hospital da Luz in Lisbon, Portugal, discusses the need for heightened awareness to safeguard infants from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Environmental degradation exacerbates already existing health inequalities experienced by the poorest people in society…

Radiotherapy plays an important role in organ preservation for bladder cancer. Delivering radiation accurately can be challenging, in part…

Amyloidosis results from a misconfiguration of normal protein into β-plated linear sheets, leading to the formation and deposition of…

Filariasis is a common public health problem in Southeast Asia. The two species of worms most commonly associated with this disease are…

Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is a hereditary haemolytic anaemia caused by mutations in the PKLR gene encoding PK, which is critical…

There is a huge population of perinatal deaths that we don’t see, hear, or talk about…

The left main coronary artery originating from the right sinus of Valsalva is a rare congenital anomaly. A 62-year-old male came in with…

Methotrexate is a common first-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, yet its widespread and habitual usage often leads physicians…

While awareness of the issues facing women leading up to, during, and following the menopause has increased in recent years…

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common primary tumour originating from the kidney, and accounts for more than 90% of all renal…

Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), with the prevalence of both increasing in a parallel manner…

Ultrasonography (US, also known as sonographic imaging, ultrasound) is an important medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency…

Maureen Kohi – University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, USA. During medical school, I found myself gravitating towards…

The optimal dressing is still unclear, despite hypospadias being one of the most prevalent surgical operations. Children’s dressing for…

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecologic malignancy in high-income countries due to increased life expectancy. Approximately…

Although clinical trials form the backbone of evidence-based medicine, cohorts participating in clinical trials are often poorly…

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the world’s most common gynaecological malignancy, with a global incidence of 382,069 new cases and 89,929…

This paper explores the overlooked influence of food insecurity on cancer care, its correlation with malnutrition and poor patient…

Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal clinical disorder primarily affecting preterm newborns. It is characterised…

A spontaneous subcapsular hepatic haematoma (SHH) is both a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. Although the pathogenesis of…

The authors report a case of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome in a patient with Crohn’s disease (CD)…

Psoriatic disease is a chronic, inflammatory immune condition affecting more than 40 million individuals worldwide…

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that is estimated to affect approximately 300,000 individuals worldwide…

This review article aims to provide an overview of platelet-rich plasma’s applications and evidence over the past 5 years in randomised…

Gideon Hirschfield – University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Birmingham, UK. I was lucky. I first did my undergraduate…

Cardiologists at four hospitals in Europe were interviewed on their experience with optimising the transcatheter aortic valve implantation…

Jas Singh – Assistant Professor of Surgery (Urology), McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada. My interest in functional and…

HCL systems have the potential to improve glycaemic control in people living with T1D.1-4 HCLs combine continuous glucose monitoring…

Since the release of the EMPA-REG trial, in which for the first time an antihyperglycaemic agent demonstrated a reduction…

Diabetes is emerging as an epidemic worldwide and is a global public health problem. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF)…

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of people with diabetes has quadrupled since the 1980s, with estimates…

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynaecological cancers in high-income countries, and often presents with comorbidities…

You have to remember that I am a very old oncologist. So, when I first started, there was almost nothing in the world of GI cancer. I was…

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynaecological cancers in high-income countries, and the incidence is rising significantly…

This review provides a systematic approach for dermatologists to use in order to accurately diagnose hair loss disorders…

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a persistent metabolic anarchy, described by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion…

A career in research had never been something I had considered, and I came to it quite late: having had quite an itinerant youth…

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy in developed countries, and often presents at an early stage. Paclitaxel…

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death. This review focuses on the development of biofilms, and…

The manuscript describes the physiotherapeutic techniques used and collects the main scientific evidence on them. The main purpose…

The authors present a case of a 77-year-old female, a former smoker with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who underwent…

One of the many extra-hepatic manifestations of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections is vasculitis. While the classic HBV-associated…

Obesity, defined as a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2, is a condition with rising incidence around the world that contributes…

When I started out way back in the 1980s, addiction was predominantly dealt with by psychiatrists in hospitals, psychiatrists…

PCI is a minimally invasive, non-surgical procedure that aims to relieve the narrowing or occlusion of a coronary artery through the…

This article will review some of the challenges in management of patients with IRH, focusing on areas where hepatologists are often asked…

Mycosis fungoides is the most common form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. In this article, the authors describe a case of a 53-year-old…

Oxygen therapy has been used for centuries to support patients with breathing difficulties.1 Historically, oxygen therapy primarily…

This review scrutinises the role of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) adherence in some studies and how it influenced…

Little is known about the association between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and vasospastic angina. The authors report the case of a…

Coronary intervention is a therapeutic method for acute coronary syndrome. Characterise patients with acute coronary syndrome treated…

The primary objective was to compare the risk factors and trends of patients with COVID-19 with and without biochemical evidence of…

In the current era of optimal risk factor modification, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) targeting has emerged as a…

Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe childhood-onset epilepsy syndrome that can be challenging to identify due to its heterogeneous and..

As the medical community continues to explore and harness the potential of biosimilars, it is imperative to accumulate robust real-world…

The decision to perform lung cancer surgery was influenced by various factors. I have a strong interest in surgical procedures…

I was about 14 or 15 when I first decided that I wanted to be a nurse. I started volunteering at my local hospital, and also volunteered…

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines six key components of a health system.1 This includes data that the health system …

Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease, is a chronic granulomatous infection. It is non-fatal and slowly progressive. Its causative…

The deficiency of arylsulfatase A due to the mutations in the ARSA gene is the cause of a rare inherited lysosomal storage disease…

With a pre-specified aim of improving the standard of care of those living with intermittent catheter use, a roundtable discussion led by…

The climate crisis is a health crisis that has the potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality to human populations…

It is essential to address psychological health, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), among patients who have recovered from…

The first thing is probably the holistic approach to care. Primary care provides care for people for a large part of their life…

Across the globe, millions of people live with chronic respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and…