Respiratory

Lung transplantation can be safely performed in men with newly diagnosed, localized high-risk prostate cancer prior to definitive cancer treatment, according to a new case review.

State-level restrictions on flavored e-cigarettes, implemented across several U.S. states, appear to have led to a decrease in e-cigarette use among young adults and older adults.

A novel, simplified loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for pneumonia pathogen detection has demonstrated significant potential for point-of-care applications in low-resource settings.

Slow-paced breathing (SB) significantly reduces state anxiety while enhancing brain activity, specifically in the midfrontal region, according to the results of a new study.

Post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC), commonly known as long COVID, continues to affect millions globally, with over 18 million Americans impacted.

Noninvasive respiratory supports have become essential in the management of critically ill patients, especially those experiencing acute respiratory failure.

Between November 2020 and June 2022, the United States conducted predeparture COVID-19 testing for nearly 24,000 refugees.

Urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may offer a non-invasive way to predict chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk, according to new findings from a national observational study using NHANES data.

National surveillance data has found that individuals who experienced adverse childhood events (ACEs) face significantly higher odds of developing long-term COVID symptoms.

An artificial intelligence tool trained on digital pathology slides has demonstrated clinical-grade accuracy for detecting EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma and significantly reduced reliance on molecular testing, according to results from a large-scale real-world deployment study.

Women with asthma, especially those with active symptoms during delivery, face higher risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, and cesarean delivery, according to a large population-based study of over 430,000 pregnancies in Canada.

A new study has found that while concurrent bacteremia remains rare among children under 5 hospitalized with viral lower respiratory tract infections (VLRTIs), several clinical markers significantly increase the risk, especially in the youngest patients.

Early-life exposure to phthalates and bisphenols may increase the risk of asthma, wheezing, and rhinitis in children under five, according to a new pooled analysis of over 5,000 participants.

A growing number of U.S. adolescents and young adults are aware of and experimenting with vaping products that contain 6-methyl-nicotine, a synthetic nicotine analogue not subject to federal premarket review requirements, according to findings from a recent cross-sectional study.

Vitamin D deficiency remains significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19, even in the post-Omicron era, according to new findings from a large-scale retrospective cohort study.

Influenza vaccination during pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of influenza in infants during their first six months of life, with the strongest protection observed when vaccination occurs in the second or third trimester, according to a large cohort study.

Young adults who experienced bronchiolitis in infancy may face irreversible airway obstruction, according to new research linking early-life respiratory illness with long-term lung impairment.

Antibiotic timing and risk stratification are critical in reducing postoperative infections following dermatologic surgery, according to new guidance from the German Society for Dermatosurgery.

Navigational bronchoscopy demonstrated noninferior diagnostic accuracy to transthoracic needle biopsy in evaluating peripheral pulmonary nodules, according to findings from a U.S.-based multicenter trial published June 2025.

Climate change is accelerating the emergence and spread of dangerous fungal infections, expanding their range and resistance in ways that could reshape global public health.

Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB)-guided dye marking offers a safer, faster alternative to CT-guided lung puncture for preoperative localization of multiple ipsilateral pulmonary nodules, according to a new retrospective cohort study.

Digital inhaler metrics may offer an early signal of impending COPD exacerbations, according to a new pilot study evaluating real-world use of the ProAir Digihaler among high-risk patients.

A population-based cohort study finds that asthma patients treated with dupilumab may face an increased risk of developing lymphoma, particularly T and natural killer (NK) cell subtypes, compared to those treated with standard combination inhalers.

A new study reveals why certain cystic fibrosis (CF) variants fail to respond to current drug therapies, shedding light on hidden structural instabilities within a key domain of the CFTR protein.

Female night shift workers may face a significantly increased risk of developing asthma, according to a new study that analyzed data from more than 280,000 participants.

A new multicenter trial has found that proportional-assist ventilation with load-adjustable gain factors (PAV+) does not reduce the time to successful liberation from mechanical ventilation compared to conventional pressure-support ventilation (PSV) in critically ill adults.

In a new multicenter trial, navigational bronchoscopy was found to be noninferior in diagnostic accuracy to transthoracic needle biopsy (TTNB) for evaluating peripheral pulmonary nodules, while significantly reducing the risk of procedural complications such as pneumothorax.

A large randomized trial has found that as-needed use of a fixed-dose combination of albuterol and budesonide significantly reduces the risk of severe asthma exacerbations compared to albuterol alone in patients with mild asthma.

Adults hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) face a significantly greater risk of acute cardiovascular events compared to those admitted for COVID-19 or influenza, according to new findings from a population-based study.

Long-term exposure to urban environmental factors, particularly air pollution, lack of green space, and dense built environments, significantly increases the risk of developing asthma across the life course, according to a large-scale analysis involving 14 European cohorts and more than 340,000 participants.

Children with complex chronic diseases (C-CDs) and life-limiting conditions (LLCs) account for a disproportionate share of pediatric hospital admissions and resource use, according to a new retrospective study conducted in the Basque Public Health System.

Air pollution significantly increases inflammatory markers in outdoor athletes, particularly those with allergies, according to new research examining the immune effects of PM2.5 exposure during exercise.

THE U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved a novel inhaled formulation of treprostinil for adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD), adding a new option for improving exercise ability in these patient populations.

In a Phase III clinical trial, nerandomilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4B inhibitor, was associated with a smaller decline in lung function over 52 weeks in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis, when compared with placebo.

GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), widely recognized for their role in metabolic disorders, may offer added support for smokers attempting to quit, according to findings presented at the 2025 American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting.

Commonly used ICU delirium screening tools often misclassify Spanish-speaking patients according to new research presented at 2025 American Thoracic Society International (ATS) Conference in San Francisco.

Preschool asthma remains one of the most frequently encountered and challenging conditions in pediatric medicine and a new study explores the growing list of controversies surrounding its management.

Critical care nurses may find relief from burnout when a professional therapist is embedded directly within their hospital teams, according to new findings shared at this year’s American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Conference in San Francisco.

At ATS 2025, San Francisco, California, USA, new research reveals that rising temperatures driven by climate change significantly intensify the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition already underdiagnosed and undertreated.

Clinical trial results for a wearable pulse oximeter and software platform designed to monitor obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment response were presented at the American Thoracic Society (ATS) 2025 International Conference in San Francisco.

New findings from a 6-year surveillance study across seven major US academic medical centers reveal that Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is capable of causing severe respiratory illness in children regardless of underlying health conditions.

In a study likely to impact the clinical assessment of COPD across diverse populations, researchers have found that newer race-neutral Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) spirometry reference equations could significantly shift disease severity classification in Northeast Asian patients.

In a surprising finding that raises important clinical questions, a new analysis of the 2020 National Health Interview Survey shows that women in the U.S. aged 40 and older have significantly higher rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than men, even though they report lower exposure to cigarette smoke.

In a large multi-year surveillance study conducted across seven US medical centers, researchers found that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) co-detection with other respiratory viruses in children under 2 years old was not significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes.

Excess weight is emerging as a significant risk factor for neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms in post-COVID-19 condition (PCC), according to new findings presented in a new systematic review and meta-analysis.

Lactation outcomes in critically ill postpartum patients remain an understudied aspect of intensive care, but a new retrospective study highlights both the promise and pitfalls of current ICU practices.

In a new study researchers have identified distinct immune system pathways that may determine the severity of long-term lung damage following COVID-19.

A new longitudinal study from the All of Us Research Program sheds light on the potential cardiometabolic consequences of exclusive e-cigarette use and dual tobacco use in adults across the United States.

Pulmonary embolism in children may be more prevalent than previously recognized according to new findings from a large prospective multicenter study conducted across 21 pediatric emergency departments in the United States.

In critically ill adults, fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and platelet transfusions are commonly administered, but new guidance urges caution.

A recent Phase IIIb multicountry study has demonstrated that a single oral dose of an antiviral flu treatment can significantly reduce the transmission of influenza within households, offering a potential new strategy for healthcare professionals to mitigate spread during flu season.

Targeting inflammation at its root, a new therapy reduces bronchiectasis exacerbations and slows lung function decline, according to results from a Phase III clinical trial.

Severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is independently associated with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, a key marker of systemic inflammation and cardiovascular risk, according to new research analyzing over 2,400 patients.

Each flu season, influenza quietly inflicts a heavy toll on U.S. adults aged 18 to 64, with hospitalizations and deaths mounting, especially among older adults and those with chronic conditions.

Vaping prevalence among young adults in Great Britain, particularly use of disposable devices, has significantly declined following the government’s announcement of an impending ban on disposables raising questions about how policy shifts might influence U.S. vaping habits.

Children with persistent asthma who received school-based therapy in Columbus, Ohio experienced marked improvements in asthma control and a sharp reduction in healthcare utilization, according to new research.

A fast, low-cost tuberculosis (TB) test that delivers results in under an hour from blood, saliva, or sputum samples could dramatically improve care in both well-equipped hospitals and resource-limited settings.

Infant symptoms such as wheezing, eczema, vomiting, and diarrhea in the first year of life may serve as early indicators of childhood asthma risk, according to a new study that offers promising insights into early identification strategies for the chronic respiratory disease.

In a significant development for U.S. healthcare, new consensus guidelines from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation call for a nationwide overhaul of newborn screening protocols for cystic fibrosis (CF).

For older adults undergoing lung transplantation, the decision between single lung transplantation (SLT) and bilateral lung transplantation (BLT) presents a trade-off between short-term recovery and long-term survival.

A new study using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals has uncovered fundamental differences in brain connectivity among children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), potentially paving the way for improved diagnostic methods.

Patients recovering from severe COVID-19 pneumonia may experience persistent lung function impairment long after hospital discharge, with new research highlighting vascular dysfunction as a key driver of long-term damage.

A groundbreaking new study is testing an AI-powered smartphone app designed to help pregnant smokers quit, leveraging social support and adaptive reinforcement learning to improve outcomes.

A recent study explores the potential of school-based rebound therapy to improve chest health, motor function, and quality of life in children with neurodisability and respiratory issues.

A systematic review and meta-analysis has confirmed that positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy significantly reduces the risk of both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

A new systematic review highlights a significant but often overlooked complication in tuberculosis (TB) survivors—chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), a progressive fungal disease that can severely impact respiratory health.

Shared decision-making is widely recommended to improve patient-reported outcomes for those considering lung cancer screening (LCS), yet new research suggests communication may not significantly impact feelings of regret or distress.

A new randomized controlled trial has found that combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with aerobic exercise (AE) significantly reduces cigarette cravings and consumption in chronic smokers.

A 12-month interim analysis of the AGILE Phase III open-label extension study confirms that twice-yearly depemokimab, an ultra-long-acting anti-IL-5 biologic, maintains a favorable safety and efficacy profile in patients with type 2 asthma.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is a cornerstone in managing severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children.

For decades, researchers believed that alveoli, the tiny air sacs responsible for gas exchange, formed by airspace subdivision via ingrowing septa.

The importance of addressing environmental exposures, social determinants of health, and risk-taking behaviors in managing childhood asthma was emphasized in a recently published study by authors from University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado.

Researchers found that insomnia symptoms significantly contribute to patient-reported excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in a recent study examining obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Smoking menthol-flavored cigarettes is associated with higher mortality risks compared to non-menthol cigarettes according to a new study.

A novel lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-mRNA vaccine has demonstrated strong immune responses and enhanced protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the leading cause of infectious mortality worldwide.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF), a severe form of lung disease, often leads to irreversible lung damage, and macrophages play a critical role in its progression.

Clinical practice guidelines providing critical recommendations for managing central airway obstruction (CAO), a condition linked to poor prognosis in both malignant and nonmalignant airway diseases, have recently been published.

A new study explores the evolution of tuberculosis isolation, from early misconceptions to modern airborne transmission guidelines. See how TB control measures have changed.

A real-world study from the Netherlands has shared the benefits of lumacaftor/ivacaftor (lum/iva) in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) homozygous for the F508del mutation.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) may significantly reduce the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), according to a large U.S.-based study.

Five distinct long-term exposure profiles for the use of disinfectants and cleaning products (DCPs) and their potential association with asthma has been identified in new research.

The Los Angeles County wildfires in January 2025 had a notable impact on healthcare utilization, with emergency department (ED) visits decreasing by 9% while wildfire-associated visits spiked eightfold.

AI is playing an increasingly vital role in the dissemination of medical guidelines, especially in critical areas such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

The association between invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients, with a notable impact on those diagnosed with COVID-19, has been investigated in a recent multicenter study.

Pain in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) has long been underrecognized, and a new study reveals troubling insights into its prevalence and management.

Kansas is grappling with a significant tuberculosis (TB) outbreak, reporting 67 active cases, 60 in Wyandotte County and seven in Johnson County, and 79 confirmed latent TB infections, predominantly in Wyandotte County.

Financial barriers to asthma medications continue to compromise patient outcomes, increasing the risk of asthma attacks and emergency room visits, according to a recent analysis spanning 2011 to 2022.

Discover how a polygenic risk score enhances traditional methods for identifying undiagnosed COPD in at-risk populations, offering a significant step forward in diagnosis.

Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the University of Michigan Medical School, and the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) have made significant strides in understanding idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), an incurable and progressive lung disease.

New research highlights a critical yet often overlooked connection: poor sleep quality significantly increases the risk of malnutrition among adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF).

A recent cohort study analyzing RSV protection in infants born between October 2023 and March 2024 provides critical insights into uptake patterns of maternal vaccination and monoclonal antibody therapy.

A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating antiviral medications for nonsevere influenza provides new insights into the optimal treatments for symptom relief and hospitalization risks, particularly for high-risk patients.

New clinical practice guidelines for tuberculosis (TB) treatment have been released, reflecting recent clinical trial data.

Los Angeles healthcare professionals face a growing crisis as wildfire smoke engulfs the region, posing severe health risks for millions.

The growing health crisis posed by wildfire smoke, even from thousands of miles away, was made clear in a recently published study.

A connection between lung health and kidney function in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF), identifying early urinary markers of kidney injury that correlate with neutrophil activation and reduced lung capacity, has been revealed in a new study.

COPD and preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) have been identified as key accelerators of frailty progression in older adults in a new study.

Patients from disadvantaged neighborhoods are less likely to follow guidelines for pulmonary nodule care, highlighting socioeconomic disparities in healthcare access.

A study reveals that COPD patients with comorbidities such as GERD, diabetes, and osteoporosis face higher risks of exacerbations and increased healthcare visits, underscoring the need for integrated care strategies to improve outcomes.

Respiratory failure impacts millions annually in the U.S., leaving many survivors with lasting physical, cognitive, and quality-of-life impairments.

A newly published study highlights a critical connection between inhalation injury severity and the risk of developing nosocomial pneumonia (NP) in burn patients.

New evidence-based guidelines for red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in critically ill patients have been released, offering critical care practitioners a roadmap to optimize patient outcomes.

A recent study examining real-world COPD treatment outcomes has highlighted safety concerns regarding single-inhaler triple therapy compared to the long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) and inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) combination, particularly in terms of cardiovascular risks.

New research highlights the critical role Aspergillus species play in bronchiectasis, a chronic lung condition marked by airway damage.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a life-threatening condition, is commonly seen in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), significantly increasing their risk of morbidity and mortality.

Emerging data highlights a critical complication for patients with metastatic lung cancer undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including PD-1 and PD-L1 blockers.

Benralizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting eosinophilic inflammation, outperformed prednisolone alone in treating acute exacerbations of asthma and COPD in a new study.

Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) may significantly worsen the severity of influenza A virus (IAV) infections, not only through direct lung damage but also via changes in the microbiota.

Impaired insulin secretion in cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is driven by reduced expression of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in pancreatic islet cells, according to the results of a new study.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity may hold the key to predicting postoperative cardiorespiratory complications, according to a new study involving over 6,700 patients.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a rare yet life-threatening vascular condition, predominantly affects older adults and women, according to new findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

In a recent study, researchers found that interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs), early indicators of interstitial lung disease, were present in 1.7% of routine abdominal and thoracoabdominal CT scans from unselected patients.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant health concern for adults, contributing to thousands of hospitalizations annually.

The Washington State Department of Health (DOH) is reporting a dramatic increase in pertussis (whooping cough) cases, underscoring the importance of vaccination, particularly for young children and infants.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has caused severe illness in adults, especially among those aged 75 and older, but the burden of RSV-associated hospitalizations before vaccines were introduced is unclear.

Metformin, commonly prescribed for diabetes, may reduce the risks of exacerbation and hospitalization in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

A newly published study recommends annual DXA screenings for patients in the first 2 years after lung transplants to monitor bone mineral density (BMD) changes.

Children with asthma, particularly those with an early onset, may experience slower memory development and face challenges in cognitive functions.

Researchers have developed a precision phenotyping algorithm that significantly advances the identification of long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), in patient records.

The FDA has announced it is proposing removing oral phenylephrine from the list of over-the-counter (OTC) nasal decongestant ingredients due to extensive evidence questioning its effectiveness.

New research highlights the significant impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) vaccines in reducing severe respiratory illness among older adults, a group disproportionately affected by RSV.

Ensifentrine, an innovative dual bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory medication, has shown promising results in reducing healthcare usage among patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Critical insights into outpatient antibiotic use and treatment failure rates among U.S. children diagnosed with pneumonia, underscoring significant gaps in care, have been revealed in a new study.

A significant increase in walking pneumonia cases among children, largely attributed to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, is drawing attention from U.S. healthcare professionals.

A reported rise in respiratory infections has been issued by the U.S. CDC, particularly Mycoplasma pneumonia and RSV.

The U.S. FDA has approved a wearable device for treating metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in adults. Used with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors or docetaxel, it showed a median survival of 13.2 months.

A nationwide study presented at the CHEST Annual Meeting 2024 revealed rising trends in metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) among elderly patients hospitalized for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A strong link has been identified between the cumulative impact of neighborhood-level environmental and social factors, known as the “neighborhood exposome,” and the prevalence of asthma and COPD in U.S. adults

A new study has shown that the BACES score, a clinical tool used to predict mortality in non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung disease, can also help predict treatment outcomes in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD)

Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive and potentially fatal condition that can go undetected until it reaches advanced stages. A groundbreaking study presented at the CHEST Annual Meeting 2024 introduces a multimodal fusion model (MMF-PH) that incorporates AI

Findings from two Phase 3 clinical trials, BOREAS and NOTUS, revealed that dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting key drivers of type 2 inflammation, improves health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A new study presented at the CHEST Annual Meeting 2024 highlights the growing disparity in mortality rates for women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), especially those in rural areas.

Hospital stays lead to worsening fatigue and shortness of breath in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) according to a new study presented at the CHEST 2024 Annual Meeting.

A digital health program, mPATH-Lung, has been shown to significantly improves lung cancer screening (LCS) rates among high-risk individuals.

A new study presented at the CHEST Annual Meeting 2024 highlighted the success of a new clinic aimed at improving palliative care access.

Accelerating the global decline in tobacco smoking could significantly increase life expectancy and prevent millions of premature deaths by 2050, according to new research.

A new study reveals that over half of healthy U.S. infants contract respiratory syncytial virus in their first year, with 44.1% developing lower respiratory tract infections.

Cannabis and hallucinogen use among adults continued to reach historic highs in 2023, according to the latest findings from the NIH-supported Monitoring the Future (MTF) survey.

Researchers have uncovered a critical mechanism behind why certain viral infections, such as COVID-19, lead to lasting lung damage.

LARGE language models are commended for offering support and ease of workload in healthcare settings. A recent study demonstrated that ChatGPT significantly outperformed trainee doctors in diagnosing complex respiratory conditions in children.

A study found that normal oximetry cannot rule out hypercapnia in neuromuscular disease patients. New diagnostic approaches are crucial for accurate detection and intervention.

Low-dose morphine in COPD has no effect on sleep efficiency but increases the risk of nocturnal hypoventilation, highlighting safety concerns.