Articles

It takes an interdisciplinary approach to solve complex problems in the microbiome because you couldn’t ask for a more complex system.

EMJ is thrilled to present an interview with Massimo Colombo, Past Professor of Gastroenterology at the University of Milan, Italy, that…

There have been great advances in the field of generalised myasthenia gravis (gMG) in recent years, but many patients remain dissatisfied…

Medical and public health professionals are acutely aware of the significant public health concerns posed by adverse events (AE) during…

Our key discoveries range from epidemiologic evidence on breastfeeding and chronic disease prevention to mechanistic research on breast milk compounds and the infant microbiome.

Regenerative medicine has significantly impacted orthopaedic surgery by introducing biological therapies aimed at repairing, restoring, or…

Preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM) impacts 5–7% of all pregnancies. A pregnancy is considered previable, the fetus having…

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) primarily function as weak antigen-presenting cells (APC), but have also been shown to express…

David Resühr is transforming medical education with innovation. He is the brain behind several inventions, such as a DIY Ultrasound…

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) has significantly improved oncological disease management by enabling comprehensive…

According to the WHO, the proportion of the world’s population aged over 60 years will almost double, from 12% to 22%, between 2015–2050…

EMJ is delighted to introduce Axel Heidenreich, Professor and Director at the University of Cologne, Germany, who spoke to us about…

Capsule endoscopy was truly a disruptive technology that I had the opportunity to get involved with early on. Disruptive technologies do not come along very often…

Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and responsible for around 25% of all CVD-related deaths worldwide…

Sarcoidosis is a disorder that affects multiple systems with unclear causes and is relatively rare. The defining characteristic of this…

Fertility rates have reached the lowest level in recent years all over the world, even in traditionally overpopulated nations such as…

The editor’s pick for this issue is a review article discussing the promise of hyperpolarised xenon MRI, a non-invasive imaging technique…

Type 2 inflammation is involved in severe asthma (SA), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and eosinophilic granulomatosis…

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity, which commonly presents with…

Tuberculosis (TB) represents a significant global public health issue, ranking as the 13th leading cause of mortality and standing as the…

Radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA), formerly known as ankylosing spondylitis (AS), is a chronic inflammatory disease that…

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection linked to genital, anal, and oral warts, as well as cervical and other…

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a complex, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, thin, aerobic bacterium…

The uncus is a hook-shaped structure located on the most anteromedial aspect of the parahippocampal gyrus, which is part of the medial…

Leiomyomas or fibroids are the most frequently encountered benign neoplasm of smooth muscle origin in women of reproductive age…

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are useful in treating musculoskeletal disorders, headaches, pain, fever, and others…

Selective angioembolisation is a common treatment modality for lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Sepsis is an uncommon complication of the…

The authors report a case of delayed transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) syndrome. A 60-year-old man was diagnosed with obstructive…

Intercellular communication, whether through direct cell–cell interactions or the transfer of secreted chemicals, is critical for the…

Chlamydiosis is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted illnesses globally caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis…

The thing about paediatric radiology is you cover all different systems. You’ll be doing the musculoskeletal system, the gastrointestinal system…

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, accounting for 10% of all cancer deaths in the UK during the period…

Looking back to the year 2000, we were very divided across the world in understanding PCOS. The Americans had a different definition from…

I really believe that precision medicine has become a reality. This means that you’ll soon be able to visit a normal doctor and have your…

​​Marco Rocha, Thomas Dirschka, and Alison Layton discuss the current acne landscape, the potential role of the skin microbiome in acne…

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the leading cause of hair loss in both men and women. Experts outline current and emerging therapies in the…

To discuss how biologics have disrupted clinical management of atopic dermatitis, and how tralokinumab fits into this paradigm, the EMJ sat…

Hair loss is a common problem in clinical dermatology, with many aetiologies including but not limited to androgenetic alopecia…

Hyaluronan, or hyaluronic acid (HA), is an extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan distributed throughout the body, primarily found in…

Congenital ichthyosis represents keratinisation disorders characterised by abnormal skin scaling across the entire body, leading to a red…

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a heterogeneous malignant neoplasm and can cause great morbidity as most occur in highly visible areas of…

SLE is a chronic and complex heterogeneous autoimmune disease in which the immune system dysfunctions and inappropriately attacks healthy…

Cancer is on course to be the leading cause of death in the EU by 2035. Europe’s population is ageing rapidly, and obesity rates continue…

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), central nervous system (CNS) WHO Grade 4 astrocytoma, is an almost uniformly lethal disease…

Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, accounting for 12.5% of all new cancer cases per year.1 According to the Spanish…

Ovarian cancer is a serious type of cancer that affects women. It has high morbidity and mortality and is the seventh biggest cause of…

In modern oncology, the utilisation of gene expression assays has driven the development of personalised treatment strategies for patients…

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, locally aggressive sarcoma that most commonly occurs on the trunk of patients…

Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PMH) is an uncommon vascular tumour with challenges often in its diagnosis and treatment…

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is a mitochondrial enzyme with a role in both the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain…

The main findings of the paper revealed that Black patients were underrepresented in clinical trials, particularly with respect to the newer diabetes therapies, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pervasive metabolic disorder associated with a spectrum of long-term adverse outcomes. Recent…

Diabetes is known to be a risk factor for active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and the reactivation of latent or previous TB. It is also…

Now, as a practicing physician, I have no insecurities about being a woman in business, because in my training, I would be in a room with hundreds of women at the Women’s Dermatological Society.

The treatment landscape for potentially surgically resectable Stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly for…

The demand for highly skilled respiratory clinicians grows as respiratory care becomes increasingly complex with rapid advancement…

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common form of thyroid cancer, accounting for 80–85% of thyroid cancer cases…

The emerging class of agents targeting factor XI/XIa offers the paradigm-shifting possibility of ‘haemostasis-sparing anticoagulation’…

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited disorder that may cause disabling and potentially life-threatening symptoms related to…

Sara Tolaney – I started having an interest in medicine from a young age. Part of what drove my interest was having various family members…

Today, the priority populations to target to prevent diabetes should be young adults who have inadequate diets. This information should guide public health action to prevent diabetes.

This case report presents an unusual clinical scenario where a patient experienced temporary paralysis of his lower limbs while driving…

COVID-19 vaccines recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): two mRNA vaccines and a protein-based vaccine…

The number of transcatheter aortic valve replacements/implantations (TAVR/TAVI) has nearly equalled that of the number of surgical aortic…

The authors report the first case of oesophageal cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) co-infection in an immunocompetent…

Improve your awareness and management of patients with osteoarthritis using this interactive case study on a patient experiencing related symptoms

Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital disease involving the cardiovascular system. The presentation can range from being asymptomatic…

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a cholestatic condition that typically arises in childhood. As such, if an adult…

Before I decided to pursue a career in pulmonary medicine, I did internal medicine, and was really fascinated by dyspnoea (difficulty…

I believe the real cure lies in catching IBD even earlier than early, meaning, before the first symptoms appear. This concept, which was originally seen with a lot of scepticism, is now gaining momentum…

Cardiovascular disease is still the leading cause of death in patients on haemodialysis (HD).1 Cardiac valve calcification (CVC)…

Left ventricular myocardial crypts are rare structural abnormalities and are defined as invaginations traversing major than a half of the…

I decided to be an oncologist when I was in medical school, mainly because of the inspiring oncologists I met in training and also my…

Meningitis is a rare and unpredictable disease globally, with a high case fatality rate, causing an estimated 250,000 deaths in 2019…

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affect more than 550 million people worldwide and are associated with substantial…

With osteoarthritis prevalence rising globally, this interactive case study was designed to highlight the patient journey of a someone with early-stage knee osteoarthritis

Hyperpigmentation disorders, a group of common skin conditions characterised by darkened patches due to excess melanin production, affect…

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common arthritis worldwide, causing pain, disability, and loss of function due to chronic joint disease​​…

Gadolinium is an invaluable contrast agent in MRI that has various important benefits in radiology. Its unique magnetic properties allow…

COVID-19 is a novel β-coronavirus caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. It is the third zoonotic disease caused by coronavirus to affect…

The worldwide prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) varies between 20–60% in men over 50 years. Similarly, about 50% of men…

A brain tumour develops as a result of abnormal cell growth in the brain. Tumours are classified as malignant or benign. Malignant tumours…

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a complex and chronic disease characterised by loud snoring, daytime sleepiness, and witnessed breathing…

Gynaecomastia, the clinical term for the enlargement of the male breast, is characterised by the histological finding of…

Tuberculosis is a well-known endemic disease in India; however, extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in the form of single parotid gland…

The prevalence of both major depressive disorder and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is higher among persons living with HIV (PWH)…

Vasculogenic female sexual dysfunction syndromes affect millions of ageing women worldwide, whose day-to-day symptoms of coital…

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) refers to a collection of rare and severe epilepsies that feature both seizures and…

This study investigates the impact of extracapillary proliferation in proliferative lupus nephritis on remission rates in patients.

I have worked previously in healthcare management consulting, health services research, clinical practice, and healthcare administration…

A 21-year-old female with a history of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with baseline HbA1c ranging from 8.8–12.5%, delayed menarche…

The healthcare industry is known for its demanding and stressful working conditions. The complex link between job-related stressors…

Caudal regression syndrome (CRS) is a group of defects with premature development of the terminal vertebral column, with an incidence of…

Cardiogenic shock continues to carry a high mortality rate despite contemporary care, with no breakthrough therapies shown to improve…

AIHA is an acquired, heterogeneous group of rare diseases with a prevalence of 17 per 100,000.1 This group includes wAIHA…

For clinical applications of AI, it’s still early; most are unlikely to be found at the patient’s bedside and are still in the research…

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with an estimated…

Individuals with neuromuscular diseases (NMD), where deterioration in bulbar function coexists with respiratory muscle weakness, are at…

The occurrence of intramedullary spinal cord abscesses (ISCA) is rare, a phenomenon attributable to a confluence of physiological and…

Fever is a common medical issue encountered in neurorehabilitation units. The most common cause of fever is infection; the common…

Scalp hair is often regarded as a symbol of beauty and vitality across many cultures. Consequently, the loss of hair can significantly…

A previously healthy 17-year-old male was transferred from a community hospital to the authors’ tertiary paediatric emergency department…

One of the wonderful opportunities I’ve had over the years is to interact and go across specialties, divisions, or departments. Here at Mayo Clinic, there’s a wonderful legacy of cross-disciplinary research…

I started off with no particular direction in mind and began training to be a general practitioner (GP). Realising that I needed more…

At the beginning of my research career, I investigated whether electrical stimulation could improve blood flow in the uterine arteries…

I completed my neurology training in Mumbai, India. At the end of my general medical degree, I was influenced by a top-rate neurologist…

When I graduated from Oxford in the early 80s, epidemiology was a key, innovative discipline. There were several important discoveries at…

Patricia Silveyra: Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University, Bloomington…

An ageing society is characterised by the elderly population, classified as individuals aged 65 years or older, constituting ≥7% of…

The present era of rheumatology is unmatched in history in terms of disease understanding, disease treatment, and disease discovery;…

Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders that affect the bone marrow, subsequently affecting the growth and relative…

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common histological subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. However, splenic DLBCL is a…

In clinical practice, cases presenting with eosinophilia can sometimes be challenging due to their heterogeneous nature and diversity…

Gouty arthritis, also called monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition disease, is an inflammatory disease where monosodium urate crystals…

Infertility post stem cell allograft is a common event, with the frequency uncertain because the wish for pregnancy is not commonly…

When I was a junior doctor, I was exposed to a number of different chronic diseases. However, kidney disease fascinated me the most…

One-fourth of the global population is anaemic, and as the population is gradually increasing day by day, so does the number of anaemia…

At the end of medical school, it is difficult to choose a path for the future, a specialty for the next 50 years! Finding a good mentor is…

When I started as a neurologist and a clinical pharmacologist, there were a lot of interesting developments in movement disorders…

The management of liver cancer has changed dramatically during the 4 decades since I started as an internal medicine speciality fellow…

Portal hypertension is the major determinant of outcomes in patients with cirrhosis, defined as the presence of a hepatic venous pressure…

May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is defined as symptomatic compression of the left common iliac vein by the overlying right common iliac artery…

Despite what Mohty described as “progressive advances in the field” over recent years, significant unmet needs remain in the front-line…

Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is an immune-mediated condition affecting the oesophagus, clinically characterised by symptoms of…

Immune complex-mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (iMPGN) can develop in association with autoimmune diseases such as…

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) continues to be a global public health problem. Globally, the prevalence of CKD is approximately 8–16% in the…

Due to the incapacitating nature of end-stage renal disease, people on dialysis frequently acquire undetected psychopathological disorders.

Quadricuspid pulmonary valve (QPV) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly in which the pulmonary valve has four cusps…

In the past two decades, since Andreas Gruentzig’s pioneering work introducing trans-lesional pressure gradient assessment as index…

Thymoma is often associated with many other autoimmune disorders and clinical conditions. Good syndrome is one of the rare associations…

Climate change is happening, with the evidence clearly demonstrating an increase in global temperatures; extreme weather events…

Nebulisers are devices used to rapidly deliver high doses of medication to the lungs in people with respiratory disease…

One in 10 people may be affected by a rare disease (RD) in their lifetime.1 This is the surprising paradox of RDs. While each disease…

Children diagnosed with congenital heart disease (CHD) have an increased risk of developing neurodevelopmental disabilities…

Zinc salts are one of three approved treatments for the autosomal recessive condition Wilson’s disease (WD). Their use was first described…

A previously healthy 17-year-old male was transferred from a community hospital to the authors’ tertiary paediatric emergency department…

Dermatitis artefacta (DA), also known as artefactual skin disease, is a rare psychocutaneous disorder characterised by…

Nipah virus disease is a zoonotic infection caused by the Nipah virus (NiV) of the Genus Henipavirus of the Paramyxoviridae family…

Erection is a neurovascular response accompanied by the release of neurotransmitters. The penis is innervated by autonomic (sympathetic…

Infection leads to an increased rate and duration of hospitalisation, increased treatment costs, and high morbidity and mortality in…

Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCAR) are a group of rare but potentially life-threatening conditions that can occur in response…

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a group of clinical manifestations, caused by an obstruction of venous blood flow to the heart…

Surgical site infections (SSI) are infections occurring within 30 days of the post-operative procedure. They are common post-operative…

Epitope identification is a key step in vaccine development, and this can be achieved much faster and less expensively with in silico…

Hand hygiene is one of the most effective and inexpensive means of preventing the spread of communicable diseases. Rates of handwashing…

JAK INHIBITORS have changed dermatology, and will continue to change dermatology in ways that no other class of drugs has…

Ever since medical school, I was always interested in musculoskeletal medicine and found this one of the most compelling subjects…

Bladder cancers are classified into muscle-invasive and non-muscle-invasive, the latter accounting for 75% of cases.1 Accurate and timely…

Catheters have been utilised since ancient times to assist individuals incapable of voluntarily emptying their bladder…

Psoriasis (PsO) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects around 2% of the population in Europe…

Peginterferon α-2b (Peg IFNα-2b), which inhibits viral replication in infected cells, suppresses cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, and…

Dr Enrique Casado and Professor Lothar Seefried talk about the of early identification of individuals at risk of osteoporosis fractures…

The development of a blood clot (thrombus) in a deep vein, usually in the lower limbs, is known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Pain…

When I was a medical student in the small university city of Cork, in Ireland, there was one female consultant, and she was a haematologist…

I was doing general paediatrics for a while, and was just not motivated by it. I found the physiology around cardiology…

With over 20 years of experience as a cardiologist, what initially sparked your interest in the field, and continues to motivate you at…

Fetal movements are defined as any discrete kick, flutter, swish, or roll, first perceived between 16–18 weeks in multiparous females…

I fell in love with rheumatology as a specialty during one of my first rotations as a foundation Year 1 doctor in 2007. I loved the…

The global population continues to rise, and by 2050, it is predicted that 2.1 billion people will be aged 60 years and over…

Paediatric insights from Chryssoula Tzialla, Director at Voghera Azienda Socia-Sanitaria Territoriale, Italy, highlights the burden of RSV disease in infants and the need for protection.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a relatively frequent manifestation of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorders (SARD)…

Accounting for 1–3% of all gastrointestinal (GI) tumours, the most common mesenchymal tumour of the GI tract, which originates…

Cervical cancer is a consequence of long-term infection with human papillomavirus. It is ranked fourth in both incidence and cancer-related…

There are numerous cardiac imaging modalities which aid in the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease (CAD)…

In 2022, over 92,000 kidney transplants were performed globally.1 With advancements in transplant science, 1-year graft survival rates…

I think the beginning was when I graduated in the 1960s; my thesis was on red cell enzymes within haematology, but it had nothing to do…

Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) are a group of high-end medical hardware, used to monitor and regulate the activity…

Maternal and fetal outcomes associated with the authors’ approach of Caesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta spectrum disorders…

I always knew that I wanted to work with children. My mother is a paediatric nurse practitioner, and my father is a child psychiatrist…

Ureteral fistulas are a rare occurrence, and are most commonly the result of iatrogenic trauma, although other causes include radiation…

A 54-year-old female with a history of suspected IgG4-related sclerosing disease, who had been struggling with multisystem symptoms…

The BRAF V600E mutation occurs in 8–12% of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, and is associated with poor prognosis. This…

Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. PPH affects approximately 2% of all females who…

Targetted prophylaxis is recommended for people with HAE, but many remain on attenuated androgens. EMJ spoke to two HAE experts who explain how they help patients to make the switch.

Emer Kelly. Respiratory Consultant and General Physician, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. I had asthma as a child, so…

Kiley Whalen. Physician Assistant, Adirondack Rehabilitation Medicine; Master of Science in Physician Assistant Studies at the Center for…

Methotrexate (MTX), an antimetabolite, has a multifarious mechanism of action that most notably includes folate antagonism, effects on…

Cervical cancer is established as a major cause of morbidity and mortality among females globally.1 In Kenya, and other countries with…

End-stage liver disease (ESLD) represents a non-reversible, advanced stage of cirrhosis, where the hepatic architecture is distorted and…

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) includes specialised techniques, such as sphincterotomy, balloon dilation…

Anil Dhawan – Professor of Paediatric Hepatology, King’s College London, UK. I started in paediatric hepatology in 1992, when I got a…

Smeeta Sinha National Clinical Director for Renal Medicine, NHS England, UK; Consultant Nephrologist, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation…

After being diagnosed with cancer, patients embark on a journey that involves ongoing treatments, and regular visits to healthcare…

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those on chronic haemodialysis (HD), have a higher incidence of nosocomial…

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease characterised by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells in the marrow, leading to anaemia…

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic condition caused by mutations in the haemoglobin (Hb) gene, resulting in various complications. One…

Coronary artery fistulas (CAF) are communications between a coronary artery and a major vessel or a cardiac chamber.1 More than 90% of…

HIV is an epidemic in Kenya. Females living with HIV (FLHIV) have an eight-fold increased risk of a pregnancy-related death compared to…

I am interested in family medicine and primary healthcare because primary healthcare is the first gatekeeper in the community…

My venture into paediatric cardiology began during my medical studies at the University of Padua, Italy. During my clinical rotation in…

Following the presentation of practice-changing findings from RUBY and NRG-GY018 in patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer at the SGO Annual Meeting in March 2023, data presented and published through the remainder of 2023 show that research in endometrial cancer continues at a pace.

Zinner syndrome (ZS) is a rare urogenital anomaly characterised by a triad of unilateral renal agenesis, ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst…

Mycobacterium tuberculosis causing glomerulonephritis (GN) is a rare occurrence, and its association has been seldom reported…

I was always fascinated by general medicine during my training as a medical student and house officer at the John Radcliffe Hospital…

The aim of our work was to underline that surgery can be applied as a first-line treatment. This was also the shared starting assumption…

The majority of subjects approached agreed to participate, with a small number of patients reporting time constraints as the reason for…

Melanoma of the skin is a common type of cancer that primarily affects younger patients. In Stage III melanoma, which does not involve…

Medicine is a second career for me. I was in graduate school at New York University (NYU), USA, doing interactive computer sculpture, but…

We agree that the topic of treatment of penile lichen sclerosus in boys is important, and needs more attention in clinical research and…

Since its earliest days, the effective use of anticoagulation for prevention of stroke and other thromboembolic events has been limited by…

At the time, in India, there was not a concentrated effort on specialisation available in genetics. My interest in genetics really stems…

Wolfgang Miesbach, Professor of Medicine, Frankfurt University Hospital, Germany; Congress President, European Association for Haemophilia…

João Farela Neves, Paediatrician at Hospital da Luz in Lisbon, Portugal, discusses the need for heightened awareness to safeguard infants from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Environmental degradation exacerbates already existing health inequalities experienced by the poorest people in society…

Radiotherapy plays an important role in organ preservation for bladder cancer. Delivering radiation accurately can be challenging, in part…

Amyloidosis results from a misconfiguration of normal protein into β-plated linear sheets, leading to the formation and deposition of…

Filariasis is a common public health problem in Southeast Asia. The two species of worms most commonly associated with this disease are…

Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is a hereditary haemolytic anaemia caused by mutations in the PKLR gene encoding PK, which is critical…

There is a huge population of perinatal deaths that we don’t see, hear, or talk about…

The left main coronary artery originating from the right sinus of Valsalva is a rare congenital anomaly. A 62-year-old male came in with…

Methotrexate is a common first-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, yet its widespread and habitual usage often leads physicians…

While awareness of the issues facing women leading up to, during, and following the menopause has increased in recent years…

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common primary tumour originating from the kidney, and accounts for more than 90% of all renal…

Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), with the prevalence of both increasing in a parallel manner…

Ultrasonography (US, also known as sonographic imaging, ultrasound) is an important medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency…

Maureen Kohi – University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, USA. During medical school, I found myself gravitating towards…

The optimal dressing is still unclear, despite hypospadias being one of the most prevalent surgical operations. Children’s dressing for…

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecologic malignancy in high-income countries due to increased life expectancy. Approximately…

Although clinical trials form the backbone of evidence-based medicine, cohorts participating in clinical trials are often poorly…

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the world’s most common gynaecological malignancy, with a global incidence of 382,069 new cases and 89,929…

This paper explores the overlooked influence of food insecurity on cancer care, its correlation with malnutrition and poor patient…

Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal clinical disorder primarily affecting preterm newborns. It is characterised…

A spontaneous subcapsular hepatic haematoma (SHH) is both a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. Although the pathogenesis of…

The authors report a case of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome in a patient with Crohn’s disease (CD)…

Psoriatic disease is a chronic, inflammatory immune condition affecting more than 40 million individuals worldwide…

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that is estimated to affect approximately 300,000 individuals worldwide…

This review article aims to provide an overview of platelet-rich plasma’s applications and evidence over the past 5 years in randomised…

Gideon Hirschfield – University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Birmingham, UK. I was lucky. I first did my undergraduate…

Cardiologists at four hospitals in Europe were interviewed on their experience with optimising the transcatheter aortic valve implantation…

Jas Singh – Assistant Professor of Surgery (Urology), McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada. My interest in functional and…

HCL systems have the potential to improve glycaemic control in people living with T1D.1-4 HCLs combine continuous glucose monitoring…

Since the release of the EMPA-REG trial, in which for the first time an antihyperglycaemic agent demonstrated a reduction…

Diabetes is emerging as an epidemic worldwide and is a global public health problem. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF)…

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of people with diabetes has quadrupled since the 1980s, with estimates…

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynaecological cancers in high-income countries, and often presents with comorbidities…

You have to remember that I am a very old oncologist. So, when I first started, there was almost nothing in the world of GI cancer. I was…

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynaecological cancers in high-income countries, and the incidence is rising significantly…

This review provides a systematic approach for dermatologists to use in order to accurately diagnose hair loss disorders…

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a persistent metabolic anarchy, described by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion…

A career in research had never been something I had considered, and I came to it quite late: having had quite an itinerant youth…

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy in developed countries, and often presents at an early stage. Paclitaxel…

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death. This review focuses on the development of biofilms, and…

The manuscript describes the physiotherapeutic techniques used and collects the main scientific evidence on them. The main purpose…

The authors present a case of a 77-year-old female, a former smoker with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who underwent…

One of the many extra-hepatic manifestations of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections is vasculitis. While the classic HBV-associated…

Obesity, defined as a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2, is a condition with rising incidence around the world that contributes…

When I started out way back in the 1980s, addiction was predominantly dealt with by psychiatrists in hospitals, psychiatrists…

PCI is a minimally invasive, non-surgical procedure that aims to relieve the narrowing or occlusion of a coronary artery through the…

This article will review some of the challenges in management of patients with IRH, focusing on areas where hepatologists are often asked…

Mycosis fungoides is the most common form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. In this article, the authors describe a case of a 53-year-old…

Oxygen therapy has been used for centuries to support patients with breathing difficulties.1 Historically, oxygen therapy primarily…

This review scrutinises the role of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) adherence in some studies and how it influenced…

Little is known about the association between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and vasospastic angina. The authors report the case of a…

Coronary intervention is a therapeutic method for acute coronary syndrome. Characterise patients with acute coronary syndrome treated…

The primary objective was to compare the risk factors and trends of patients with COVID-19 with and without biochemical evidence of…

In the current era of optimal risk factor modification, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) targeting has emerged as a…

Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe childhood-onset epilepsy syndrome that can be challenging to identify due to its heterogeneous and..

As the medical community continues to explore and harness the potential of biosimilars, it is imperative to accumulate robust real-world…