Researchers at Griffith University’s Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics are on the cusp of a significant breakthrough in the development of a vaccine for the chikungunya virus. By utilising innovative bioengineering techniques, the Australian research team has produced synthetic particles that mimic the virus, potentially offering a scalable solution to a global health concern.
A novel bioengineering approach
The study demonstrates that Escherichia coli can be engineered to assemble biopolymer particles displaying chikungunya antigens. These particles effectively trick the immune system into mounting a defence without inducing the disease. A primary advantage of the biopolymer platform is that it does not require additional adjuvants to boost an immune response, which can complicate manufacturing and regulatory approval. This modular technology could streamline production for global pharmaceutical partners.
According to Prof Bernd Rehm, Lead Researcher, Griffith University: “The synthetic biopolymer particles, adjuvant-free E2-BP-E1, closely mimic the actual virus and induce an immune response.”
The pharma industry has long sought a stable, highly immunogenic chikungunya vaccine. Current efforts can struggle to address the stringent requirements for a balanced safety and efficacy profile, especially as the virus targets joint tissues and connective fibres.
Addressing the chronic burden
Chikungunya is transmitted via infected mosquitoes and often results in debilitating symptoms, including fever, rash and intense joint swelling. For many, the acute phase is only the beginning of a long-term health crisis. Once infection takes hold, the virus leaves behind a triggered immune system that continues to attack the patient’s own healthy joint tissue.
“Up to 60% of patients experience long-lasting joint pain, which may persist for months or years, and can resemble rheumatoid arthritis,” says Prof Rehm.
Pathway to clinical trials
With the successful completion of this study, the Griffith researchers are moving towards clinical development. The next stage involves clinical trials to establish human safety before progressing to efficacy testing. As warming climates accelerate the global spread of chikungunya, this research provides a scalable solution to a critical and growing gap in the infectious disease market.
