Nephrology

Gadolinium-based contrast agents are widely used for MRI. Although they may be considered well-tolerated at recommended dosing levels, recent evidence supports the deposition of free gadolinium in the tissues and its slow release into circulation, resulting in long-term toxicity, which is aggravated in renal patients.

The authors revisited the phenomenon of asymptomatic patients despite very low pulse oximetry readings, the so-called ‘sweet hypoxia’, ‘happy hypoxia’, or ‘silent hypoxaemia’.

Spontaneous renal artery dissection (SRAD) is a rare and often unrecognised clinical entity, which accounts for 1–2% of all arterial dissections. It can be the result of several underlying diseases, such as atherosclerosis, malignant hypertension, fibromuscular dysplasia, and connective tissue disorders.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of haemodialysis (HD) on B-cell subsets, in terms of untimely expression of immunosenescent phenotype.