TYPE D personality may negatively affect adherence to treatment in patients with sleep apnoea, with new research showing reduced use of bilevel positive airway pressure therapy and increased side-effects.
Sleep apnoea is a common condition characterised by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep. Positive airway pressure therapies are widely used to manage the condition, but adherence remains a major challenge, particularly when patients experience discomfort or side-effects.
Type D Personality Impacts Sleep Apnoea Therapy Adherence
In this observational study, researchers analysed 365 adults with obstructive or central sleep apnoea who were treated with bilevel positive airway pressure therapy. Type D personality, defined by social inhibition and negative emotional patterns, was identified in one third of participants.
Patients with type D personality used their devices for fewer hours per night compared with those without this personality type. Reduced adherence may limit the effectiveness of treatment, which depends on consistent nightly use.
Higher Side-Effect Burden in Type D Personality
The study also found that patients with type D personality reported more treatment-related side-effects. Six of the assessed side-effects were significantly more common in this group, while many others showed a trend toward increased frequency.
These findings suggest that psychological factors may influence not only adherence but also how patients experience therapy.
Implications for Personalised Sleep Apnoea Care
Treatment success in sleep apnoea depends on both the effectiveness of the device and how consistently it is used. The results indicate that type D personality may be an important factor to consider when tailoring treatment strategies.
Identifying patients with this personality profile could help clinicians provide additional support, address potential barriers to adherence, and improve overall outcomes.
Further research may help develop targeted interventions that account for psychological characteristics, ultimately enhancing long-term management of sleep apnoea.
Reference
Veys F et al. Impact of type D personality on bilevel positive airway pressure compliance and side-effects in sleep apnoea patients. ERJ Open Res. 2026;12(2):00714-2025.
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