STEM cell–based therapies may offer a transformative approach for systemic sclerosis, according to a new review that evaluates both current limitations and emerging solutions in regenerative treatment. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune condition marked by widespread skin and organ fibrosis, microvasculopathy, and the presence of autoantibodies. Its progressive nature often results in significant organ damage, reduced quality of life, and shortened survival.
Current therapies primarily rely on immunosuppressive agents, yet many patients experience inadequate responses, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. The review underscores autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as a potential disease-modifying option. While HSCT has shown clinical benefit, its broader application is limited by procedural risks, including transplant-related mortality and adverse post-transplant outcomes. The authors note that refining and standardizing HSCT protocols will be critical to expanding its safe use in clinical practice.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent another promising avenue. These cells offer immunomodulatory, antifibrotic, and pro-angiogenic effects, making them a potentially ideal candidate for targeting the multifaceted pathogenesis of SSc. However, MSC therapy remains investigational, with several challenges, including consistency, dosing, and delivery, still to be addressed. Notably, MSC-derived microvesicles are emerging as a novel strategy to harness the therapeutic functions of MSCs while avoiding some of the practical and safety concerns associated with live cell administration.
The review emphasizes that while stem cell therapies for systemic sclerosis are not yet ready for widespread clinical adoption, ongoing research is moving steadily toward more refined and safer applications. With further development, these regenerative therapies may soon shift the treatment paradigm for a disease with few truly effective options.
Reference:
Sakkas LI et al. Stem cell therapy in systemic sclerosis. Clin Rheumatol. 2025. doi: 10.1007/s10067-025-07557-y. [Online ahead of print]
