A LARGE population-based case–control study has found that a history of malignant melanoma (MM) does not increase the likelihood of developing vitiligo in the general population, with a notable exception in the Arab minority.
Researchers analyzed data from 14,632 patients with vitiligo and 71,580 matched controls, comparing the prevalence of preexisting MM. The overall prevalence of MM was similar between the two groups (0.30% in vitiligo patients versus 0.35% in controls). In the general population, multivariate analysis adjusting for demographic factors and comorbidities found no statistically significant association between prior MM and later vitiligo (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–1.40).
However, in the Arab population, a prior history of MM was linked to a markedly higher risk of vitiligo, with a univariate OR of 6.55 (95% CI, 1.46–29.27). Patients with both vitiligo and MM tended to be older at the onset of vitiligo, had a greater burden of comorbidities, and were more often of Jewish ancestry.
The biological connection between MM and vitiligo remains poorly understood, though melanoma-associated depigmentation has been observed in some patients, potentially reflecting an immune response targeting both tumor cells and healthy melanocytes. While such immune activity may be prognostically favorable in melanoma, this study suggests that, in most populations, MM does not predispose to autoimmune depigmentation manifesting as vitiligo.
The findings highlight the need for further research into the observed ethnic variation, particularly in understanding genetic, environmental, and immunological factors that could explain the stronger association in the Arab minority. Such insights may help clarify the pathophysiology of both conditions and guide patient monitoring strategies in higher-risk groups.
Reference:
Israel T et al. Is a History of Malignant Melanoma Associated with Subsequent Vitiligo? Insights from a Population-Based Case–Control Study. J Clin Med. 2025;14:5546.
