CLIIMATE change is accelerating the emergence and spread of dangerous fungal infections, expanding their range and resistance in ways that could reshape global public health. A new review outlines how rising global temperatures, shifts in precipitation, and increasingly frequent extreme weather events are enabling fungal pathogens to adapt to new environments, bringing infections to regions previously unaffected.
Candida auris, Candida orthopsilosis, Cryptococcus deuterogattii, and resistant strains of Aspergillus fumigatus are among the fungal pathogens of growing concern. These organisms, once limited to specific geographic areas, are now being detected in wider latitudes, with new cases reported in unexpected climates. As they adapt to thrive in warming conditions, their pathogenic potential and resistance to treatment are increasing.
The review links this evolving threat not only to climate pressures but also to globalisation and urbanisation, which accelerate pathogen movement across regions. The expanded use of agricultural fungicides may be compounding the issue, fostering antifungal resistance in environmental fungi that can later affect human populations.
The authors argue that these shifts represent more than isolated clinical challenges. Instead, they suggest a systemic, climate-driven transformation of infectious disease landscapes. As fungal infections become more prevalent, resistant, and geographically unpredictable, there is a pressing need for improved surveillance, better antifungal stewardship, and stronger global public health strategies.
Healthcare professionals in the United States and globally may soon face fungal infections outside their traditional epidemiological boundaries. With Candida auris already posing significant clinical concerns in U.S. healthcare settings, the potential for novel and resistant fungi to appear unexpectedly is growing.
In light of these findings, the review underscores the urgent need to treat fungal disease not only as a clinical concern but also as a climate-linked public health priority. Accurate data collection, coordinated response strategies, and greater awareness among medical professionals will be essential in mitigating the risks of a warming, fungal-shifting world.
Reference:
Bottery M et al. Climate change: shifting boundaries of fungal disease in Europe and beyond. Thorax. 2025:thorax-2024-222168.
