ANTIMÜLLERIAN hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) levels do not independently predict embryo euploidy in patients undergoing IVF with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy, a 2026 retrospective cohort study has found.
AMH and AFC
AMH and AFC are correlated with the ovarian response. AMH is a predictor of ovarian reserve, with higher levels theoretically correlating with a higher number of eggs. AFC is measured using a transvaginal ultrasound and can predict ovarian response during an IVF cycle.
Methodology
The study analysed approximately 11,500 women who underwent almost 13,500 IVF cycles with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy between October 2016 and August 2024, over a national network of infertility clinics in the USA.
AMH and AFC values were recorded within six months of oocyte retrieval. Levels were categorised according to the Bologna criteria for diminished ovarian reserve. Secondary outcomes included live birth, clinical pregnancy, and implantation rates.
AMH and AFC Findings
Euploidy rates were comparable across AMH categories: 56.9% for an AMH value less than 1.1ng/mL, 54.0% for 1.1-4.0ng/mL, and 55.8% for more than 4.0ng/mL. They were also comparable in AFC categories: 56.3% for an AFC value of less than seven, 54.8% for 7-16, and 54.9% for a score of more than 16.
After adjustment, euploidy was modestly higher in the lower AMH category, but remained similar in the highest. Euploidy rates remained comparable in AFC categories less than 16, but slightly lower in an AFC value of more than 16.
Hence, lower AMH and AFC levels were not associated with a clinically significant decrease in embryo euploidy or live birth outcomes. Neither AMH nor AFC levels were significantly associated with live birth, clinical pregnancy, or implantation rates.
Clinical Implications
Whilst useful for assessing ovarian reserve, findings suggested that AMH and AFC levels may have limited value in predicting embryo euploidy when considered independent of, for example, maternal age.
Reference
Eubanks A et al. Beyond numbers: antimüllerian hormone and antral follicle count are not independent predictors of embryo euploidy in in vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy. Fertil Steril. 2026;125(2):237-246.
