Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has shown to transiently improve the level of consciousness of severely brain-injured patients in disorders of consciousness, and seems to be effective especially for patients in minimally conscious state (MCS) compared with patients in unresponsive wakefulness syndrome.

Antegrade conversion to nephroureteral stent is common after percutaneous nephrostomy tube placement for obstruction when retrograde…