Abstracts

The identification of pathological elements that drive disease progression, so-called regulators, is essential when studying progressive diseases.

In glioblastoma (GB), patients’ reliable response assessment criteria are crucial in order to accurately compare the responsiveness of different therapies in clinical trials, and to differentiate between therapy-induced changes and true tumour progression.

Brain tumour-related epilepsy (BTRE) is associated with diffuse lower-grade gliomas (DLGG) in up to 70–90% of cases.

Seizure unpredictability is consistently reported as one of the most disabling aspects of living with chronic epilepsy. Reliable forecasting systems could have far-reaching consequences for patients, from allowing protection at times of high seizure risk to improving confidence during everyday life at times of low seizure risk.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has shown to transiently improve the level of consciousness of severely brain-injured patients in disorders of consciousness, and seems to be effective especially for patients in minimally conscious state (MCS) compared with patients in unresponsive wakefulness syndrome.

Patients with classic orthostatic hypotension (cOH) suffer from an abnormally large blood pressure (BP) fall upon standing due to baroreflex dysfunction. cOH, particularly in the absence of BP-lowering drugs, often has a neurogenic cause (neurogenic orthostatic hypotension [nOH]).

The definition and severity of checkpoint inhibitor-induced liver injury (ChILI) have been reported using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) used in cancer therapy.

Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy (ICI) has revolutionised cancer care but is associated with immune-related toxicities, which may require ICI discontinuation and immunosuppressive therapies (IST).