Linguistic andClinical Validation of the Spanish Acute Cystitis Symptoms Score Questionnaire in Females with Acute Cystitis - European Medical Journal

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Linguistic andClinical Validation of the Spanish Acute Cystitis Symptoms Score Questionnaire in Females with Acute Cystitis

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Urology
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Authors:
José Medina-Polo,1 Ana Arrébola-Pajares,1 Jakhongir F. Alidjanov,2 María Fernanda Lorenzo-Gómez,3 Juan Guillermo Corrales-Riveros,4 Ana María Tapia-Herrero,5 María Lourdes Martínez-Berganza,6 Bárbara Y. Padilla-Fernández,8 Adrian Pilatz,2 Kurt G. Naber,9 Florian M. Wagenlehner2

1.Department of Urology, Health Research Institute i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain

2.Clinic for Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany

3.Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain

4.Department of Urology, Ricardo Palma Clinic, Lima, Perú

5.Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Río Ortega, Valladolid, Spain

6.Primary Care Health Ensanche de Vallecas, Madrilenian Health System, Madrid, Spain

7.Department of Urology, Hospital San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia

8.Department of Urology, Neurolourology and Functional Urology Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain

9.Department of Urology, Technical University of Munich, Germany

*Correspondence to [email protected]

Disclosure:

The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Acknowledgements:

The present study was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant Numbers 18K03937 and 19K09718.

Citation:
EMJ Urology. ;9[1]:35-38.
Keywords:
Diagnosis, quality of life, symptoms, urinary infections.

Each article is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 License.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

The Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS) is a patient self-reporting questionnaire for the clinical diagnostics and patient-reported outcome that may assess the symptoms and the effect on the quality of life in women with acute uncomplicated cystitis.1,2 The current study aimed to create a validated Spanish version of the ACSS questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed in Russian and English by the European Association of Urology (EAU) Section of Infections in Urology (ESIU).1

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The ACCS questionnaire was translated from its original Russian and American English into Spanish by translators with Spanish as their mother language. Then, four urologists from Spain and Latin America reviewed the two translations and established a consensus form. This consensus form was then translated back into Russian by a translator with Russian as their mother language and American English by a translator with American English as their mother language, in order to check and exclude any relevant change of the meaning. This consensus version was then used for all countries with Spanish as their primary language for cognitive assessment processes. All comments were considered, and the study version was established.3–7 The study version was used for clinical validation in female patients from Spain, Colombia, and Peru.

Clinical evaluation was carried out by 198 female participants (151 with symptoms suspicious of uncomplicated cystitis and 47 controls). Psychometric characteristics of the ACSS were tested using coefficients of Cronbach’s α and split-half reliability. The diagnostic characteristics were tested using specificity, sensitivity, diagnostic odds ratio, positive and negative likelihood ratios, area under the receiver operating characteristic diagnostic accuracy, and risk ratio. Average point estimates and 95% confidence intervals were used to present the results of the tests.

RESULTS

The age of the 151 patients (mean: 49.9 years; standard deviation [SD]: 18.6) and 47 control (mean: 53.2 years; SD: 19.0) and their additional conditions at baseline visits such as menstruation, premenstrual syndrome, pregnancy, menopause, and diabetes were compared. Among the isolated pathogens, the most frequent was Escherichia coli, present in 94 urine cultures (74.6%). Other micro-organisms isolated were Klebsiella pneumoniae in 7 cases (5.5%), Proteus mirabilis in 7 (5.5%), Group B Streptococcus in 4 (3.1%), Enterococcus faecalis in 3 (2.3%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus in 3 (2.3%), and others.

ACSS comparative analysis reported a significant difference (p<0.001) between patients and controls at the baseline visit regarding sum score of the typical symptoms (mean: 8.11; SD: 4.31; and mean: 0.70; SD: 1.04), differential symptoms (mean: 1.46; SD: 2.1; and mean: 0.28; SD: 0.58), and quality of life (mean: 4.9; SD: 2.1; and mean: 1.32; SD: 1.9) (Table 1). At the follow-up visit, in the ‘Evolution’ domain of Part B of the questionnaire, 74.2% of patients were asymptomatic (back to normal), 15.7% much better, and 10.1% somewhat better. None of the patients persisted without clinical changes or had worsened in their symptoms

Cronbach’s α of the ACSS was 0.88 (mean: 0.85; SD: 0.90), and the split-half reliability was 0.89 (mean: 0.78; SD: 0.93). Using a sum score of >6 for typical symptoms, a specificity of 0.98 (mean :0.89; SD: 1.00) and sensitivity of 0.53 (mean: 0.54; SD 0.79) were found. The diagnostic odds ratio was 16.33 (mean: 2.08; SD: 128.06); diagnostic accuracy 0.56 (mean: 0.44; SD: 0.62); positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 25.57 (mean: 3.65; SD: 179.13) and 0.48 (mean: 0.39; SD: 0.58), respectively; risk ratio was 1.80 (mean: 1.51; SD: 2.14); and area under the receiver operating characteristic was 0.73 (mean: 0.68; SD: 0.77).

CONCLUSIONS

The validated Spanish ACSS questionnaire is a reliable, valid, and easy-to-use questionnaire that can evaluate the symptoms and clinical outcomes of patients with acute cystitis. It can be used as a patient’s self-diagnosis of acute cystitis, as a patient-reported outcome measure tool and help to rule out other pathologies in patients with voiding syndrome.2-7

Table 1: Acute Cystitis Symptom Score questionnaire scores for each item of the domains: typical symptoms, differential, and quality of life for cases and controls.

SD: standard deviation.

References
Foxman B. Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: incidence, morbidity, and economic costs. Am J Med. 2002;113(Suppl 1A):5S-13S. Alidjanov JF et al. New self-reporting questionnaire to assess urinary tract infections and differential diagnosis: acute cystitis symptom score. Urol Int. 2014;92(2):230-6. Di Vico T et al. Acute cystitis symptom score (ACSS): clinical validation of the Italian version. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(3):104. Alidjanov JF et al. The acute cystitis symptom score for patient-reported outcome assessment. Urol Int. 2016;97(4):402-9. Alidjanov JF et al. Validation of the American English acute cystitis symptom score. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(12):929. Alidjanov JF et al. Reevaluation of the acute cystitis symptom score, a self-reporting questionnaire. Part II. Patient-reported outcome assessment. Antibiotics (Basel). 2018;7(2):43. Alidjanov JF et al. Additional assessment of acute cystitis symptom score questionnaire for patient-reported outcome measure in female patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis: part II. World J Urol. 2020;38(8):1977-88.

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