Flagship Journal

Primary hypothyroidism is a frequent presentation in primary care, and is treated with levothyroxine sodium tablets once daily in the morning in the fasting state.

Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG) Bulkamid® (Axonics, Irvine, California, USA) was introduced in Europe as a promising periurethral bulking agent for the treatment of female stress and mixed urinary incontinence in 2006.

The harmful effects of cigarette smoke on human health are well documented and supported by evidence from preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies. Cigarette smoking damages multiple organs and leads to 8 million global deaths per year from direct use and passive exposure of cigarette smoke to non-smokers.

Dysphagia is defined as “any disruption to the swallow sequence that results in compromise to the safety, efficiency, or adequacy of nutritional intake.” Dysphagia may have an oropharyngeal or oesophageal cause, resulting in delayed transit of liquids or solid food from the mouth to the stomach.

Fox emphasised that PD is one of the fastest-growing neurological disorders. Disability and deaths related to it have more than doubled from 1990–2015. Its prevalence is expected to grow exponentially by 2040, affecting approximately 12.9 million individuals worldwide.

People with migraine, and individuals with other neurological conditions, have suffered in multiple aspects during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper will discuss the factors that impacted the neurology department.

NDM includes a group of rare hereditary neuromuscular disorders caused by mutations in the genes that encode sodium or chloride muscle channels.1 Myotonia is the hallmark symptom of NDM and presents as muscle stiffness, often associated with pain, fatigue, and weakness, which can limit function.

Adult-onset idiopathic focal dystonia is the most common type of primary dystonia, and adult-onset idiopathic cervical dystonia (AOICD) is its most prevalent phenotype.