Nephrology

Pregnancy in patients with lupus nephritis is a challenging clinical situation. Although not absolutely contraindicated, it is associated with increased…

Hyponatraemia is the most common electrolyte disorder in clinical practice. It is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital…

Left ventricular (LV) structure and function abnormalities are frequent in patients with chronic uraemia; these disorders increase the risk of…

In the new millennium, few kidney diseases changed their perspectives as much as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). New diagnostic…

Chronic kidney disease – mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. In vitro and animal models suggest…

The incidence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is constantly rising in parallel with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and has been predicted to double…

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a relatively rare but severe complication in kidney transplantation associated with increased risk of graft loss.

Vascular calcification involves passive degeneration and an active process of arterial mineralisation, resembling osteogenesis. In chronic kidney disease…