VITAMIN D supplementation combined with enuresis alarm therapy improved treatment response in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE), according to a randomised clinical trial.
Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis is characterised by nighttime wetting without daytime urinary symptoms. The study investigated whether adding high-dose vitamin D supplementation to enuresis alarm therapy could improve outcomes among children with PMNE and vitamin D insufficiency.
Researchers conducted a two-arm randomised clinical trial at a tertiary centre in China between December 2024 and May 2025. Children with PMNE and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below 30 ng/mL were randomly assigned to receive either vitamin D supplementation plus enuresis alarm therapy or enuresis alarm therapy alone.
Of 304 children assessed for eligibility, 262 were included in the final analysis. This comprised 130 children in the vitamin D plus alarm group and 132 in the alarm-only group.
The combined treatment group demonstrated a significantly higher treatment response rate than the alarm-only group (risk ratio: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01–1.49; P=0.04). Complete response rates were also higher among children receiving vitamin D supplementation alongside the alarm (risk ratio: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.10–2.15; P=0.01).
Children receiving combined treatment also experienced a greater reduction in the weekly frequency of wet nights, with a median difference of one wet night per week between groups (95% CI: 0–2; P=0.003).
The addition of vitamin D was also associated with greater improvements in quality of life and treatment satisfaction compared with alarm therapy alone.
Safety findings did not identify a statistically significant difference in treatment-emergent adverse events between the two groups. The researchers therefore reported that high-dose vitamin D supplementation combined with enuresis alarm therapy was effective and well tolerated during the study period.
The findings suggested that vitamin D supplementation could potentially enhance the effectiveness of enuresis alarm therapy in children with PMNE and vitamin D insufficiency. However, the study was conducted at a single tertiary centre and assessed an eight-week treatment period, meaning further research would be needed to establish the longer-term effectiveness and safety of the combined approach.
Reference
Ye Zihan et al. Efficacy and safety of high-dose vitamin d supplementation combined with an enuresis alarm vs alarm alone in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a randomized clinical trial. J Urol. 2026;216(2):182-93.
Featured image: stopabox on Adobe Stock
Each article is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 License.
