Allergy & Immunology

While treatment costs were higher – A$3956 for PPOIT and A$3582 for OIT versus A$249 for no treatment – these were offset by improved clinical outcomes.

Mechanistic studies revealed a reciprocal relationship between receptors: S1PR1 enhanced IL-13 and IL-9 production, whereas S1PR5 suppressed these cytokines.

Notably, children with FPIES showed reduced abundance of Bifidobacterium, a genus widely considered beneficial for gut and immune health.

Among the most highly prioritised features were a longer product shelf life and improved storage conditions, both receiving a median importance score of 9.

Functional experiments showed that α-zein–specific Treg cells suppressed naïve T cell proliferation when exposed to the antigen, confirming their role in maintaining oral tolerance.

Functional assays showed that PPIs also reduced fibroblast migration and oxidative stress, both of which contribute to tissue remodelling.

Individuals with higher abundance of common peanut-degrading bacteria, including Rothia, exhibited a higher threshold for allergic reactions during controlled exposure.

Complete response, defined as UAS7=0 at Week 12, was achieved in 22.9% of patients receiving 75 mg, 51.1% receiving 150 mg, and 37.5% receiving 300 mg.

Codfish oral immunotherapy improved desensitisation rates in children with fish allergy, though sustained unresponsiveness remained limited.

The study identified 37 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reaching suggestive significance (p

These data suggested that RIPK1 inhibition targeted two central pathological processes in inflammatory skin diseases: epidermal cell death and immune-driven inflammation. 

A major meta-analysis of 2.8 million children identifies genetic, clinical, and early-life exposures linked to childhood food allergy risk and prevention strategies.

A study of 1,368 participants shows allergic rhinitis alters COVID 19 symptoms, with sublingual immunotherapy increasing respiratory risk but lowering fever incidence.

Children born to older mothers showed lower risks of food allergy, wheezing, and allergen sensitisation in early childhood, suggesting advanced maternal age may have a protective role.

Five consecutive daily injections of antigen-specific tVLPs protected mice from allergic symptoms and anaphylactic shock following allergen exposure.

Mean urinary concentrations of two pseudo leukotrienes were elevated four- to five-fold in individuals with severe asthma compared with controls (P=0.004 and P=0.0015).

Researchers identified a distinct population of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells expressing IL-17A and/or IL-17F that were largely absent from healthy skin.

Exclusive breastfeeding for at least four months was associated with lower overall odds of asthma up to age 24 years (odds ratio: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.64–0.87).

Londamocitinib produced approximately 50% reductions in fractional exhaled nitric oxide at the 1.4 mg and 3 mg doses.

Importantly, this microbiota–metabolite signature was inversely associated with the development of food allergen-specific IgE up to 5 years of age and with atopic dermatitis at 2 years.

ALA-DAG oil improved skin hydration and reduced allergic symptoms in adults with mild skin discomfort.

After 1 year, 13 of 17 patients in the 30 mg group tolerated at least 443 mg peanut protein, compared with none in the avoidance group. Similar improvements were observed in the 300 mg group.

Autoclaving peanuts significantly reduces IgE binding and improves tolerability in peanut-allergic individuals, offering promise for safer immunotherapy approaches.

The basophil activation test may help identify children at risk of severe allergic reactions to cow’s milk, improving safety during oral food challenges.

A Canadian real-world study reveals high oral corticosteroid exposure in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps prior to biologic therapy.

International panel of anaphylaxis experts develops guidance for non-medical personnel to correctly identify patients with acute allergic reactions that require epinephrine administration.  

High airway TSLP levels identify a subset of severe asthma patients with type 2 inflammation, mucus plugging, and airway remodelling despite corticosteroid treatment.

Interview study shows injectable on-demand treatments for hereditary angioedema may delay care and negatively impact quality of life, highlighting demand for oral options.

A clinical trial shows immune-targeted therapy tailored to sepsis subtypes improves organ function by day 9, offering a new approach to treatment.

Very low-dose multi-nut oral immunotherapy significantly increased tolerance in children with multiple nut allergies, with a favourable safety profile and no epinephrine use.

A new ANAcare pathway offers clinicians practical, harmonised steps to apply the latest guidelines for diagnosing IgE-mediated food allergy.

A new US Drug Allergy Registry report outlines standardised paediatric antibiotic allergy testing protocols to curb unnecessary labels and harmonise research.

A new BSI-CIPN report warns that UK clinical immunology and allergy services are critically understaffed, calling for urgent national workforce planning and investment.

A rare case of ABPA presenting as pyopneumothorax highlights the need for early recognition of pleural complications in asthmatic patients.

Blood proteomics uncovers systemic immune changes across inflammatory skin conditions.

Depression and anxiety increase asthma attack risk in adults, highlighting need for targeted care in those with comorbid mental health disorders.

A French national study has identified eight emerging food allergens frequently causing anaphylaxis but not included in EU labelling rules.

A new milk allergy therapy protocol lowers the severity of gastrointestinal reactions during OIT, improving safety for patients.

A 10-year study shows allergen immunotherapy provides lasting symptom relief in local allergic rhinitis and reduces the risk of asthma and new sensitizations.

A newly reported fatal case of delayed anaphylaxis following beef consumption highlights the growing impact of alpha-gal syndrome.

Transepidermal water loss monitoring lowered anaphylaxis rates and reaction severity during peanut oral food challenges, offering a potential tool to improve diagnostic safety.

While further large-scale trials are needed, this precision-based treatment represents a promising advance in managing atopic dermatitis.

By integrating PAE into standard hospital practice, this initiative aims to reduce inaccurate allergy labels with the aim of lowering antibiotic resistance.

A large U.S. study finds people with seborrhoeic dermatitis are more likely to develop other barrier-related diseases, supporting the epithelial barrier theory.

Research consistently shows that epinephrine is underused, with many patients instead receiving antihistamines or steroids despite these offering only supportive relief.

A multicentre, randomised, controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of integrating nasal saline irrigation with Aze-Flu nasal spray.

The relationship between allergic rhinitis and optic neuritis appears to involve shared inflammatory pathways.

Discover a study on drug provocation tests in mastocytosis, revealing how they safely identify tolerable medications and reduce the risk of severe hypersensitivity reactions.

A recent study examined 36 months of peanut sublingual immunotherapy in children aged 1–4 years, assessing both desensitisation and remission outcomes.

Patients with elevated TSLP may represent a unique target population for specific therapies, including biologics that modulate Type 2 inflammation.

The JECS cohort followed more than 88,000 newborns across Japan, assessing allergic conditions from birth to age four.

These declines were observed regardless of atopic dermatitis diagnosis, indicating that early food introduction benefits both high-risk and general populations.

This paradoxical effect appears to be context-dependent, influenced by factors such as infection, allergen exposure, and systemic stress.

The study found that urinary øLT levels were significantly elevated, four- to five-fold higher, in patients with severe asthma compared to healthy controls.

Enhancing PPIE in allergic disease research offers tangible benefits, from improving patient outcomes to ensuring studies align with real-world needs.

The review revealed that patients consistently prioritise rapid symptom relief, preferably within two weeks, alongside long-term control of hives, itching, and swelling.

The study found that pectin treatment improved Pru p 3 tolerance in over half of participants, with 30% achieving full tolerance to the equivalent of a whole peach.

A study reveals that vitamin C supplementation during pregnancy in smokers influences asthma-related DNA methylation in children. This epigenetic change supports better lung health at 5 years.

Discover a study showing how baked milk intake accelerates cow’s milk allergy resolution, boosting safety and tolerance in young children.

The study’s objective was to assess the safety of a two-step direct challenge (DC) to amoxicillin, crucially performed without preceding skin testing.

A major new study has provided evidence that treatment for childhood asthma could be significantly improved by replacing traditional salbutamol relievers with budesonide–formoterol.

Food allergies are now considered the “second wave” of the allergy epidemic, following asthma, and they disproportionately affect infants and young children.

Lateral flow Enhanced by Optical imaging combines the proven lateral flow assay platform with advanced smartphone-based image analysis.

Findings revealed that 17 allergens, already part of the adult EBS, produced positive reactions in at least 1% of children.

Large-scale surveys, such as those conducted by the University of Chicago, align with these findings, reporting crustacean allergy prevalence of around 1.2%.

Previous research has shown that blueberry intake in adults increases beneficial Bifidobacterium species, enhances gut barrier integrity, and reduces inflammation.

Discover a study exploring how AI can transform allergy and immunology, highlighting challenges, opportunities, and a roadmap for clinical impact.

Discover a study exploring how a traditional Chinese herbal formula significantly reduced symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis with minimal side effects.

Learn how omalizumab shows high response rates and low side effects in children with chronic spontaneous urticaria.

A recent mixed-methods study evaluated NOURISH-US, a revised food-supplement programme designed to ease costs for households with a child aged 12 or younger managing any food allergy.

Discover a study showing how early milk exposure accelerates tolerance in children with CMPA.

Tezepelumab reduces exacerbations and enhances lung function and quality of life in severe, uncontrolled asthma.

Against this backdrop, the gut–lung axis has emerged as a persuasive framework for understanding disease heterogeneity.

This study evaluated a clustered nursing care model, delivered via an online platform, for adults with atopic dermatitis.

Both groups demonstrated significant improvements over pretreatment at every follow-up, one week, one month, three months and six months.

In a prospective study measuring the 14 most abundant HMOs in colostrum and at three months postpartum, researchers tested whether maternal supplementation with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alters HMO profiles.

Two new studies have identified cysteinyl leukotrienes as key drivers of food-allergy-induced anaphylaxis in mice.

Language barriers lead to worse outcomes in patients with asthma, with poorer lung function, a higher risk of uncontrolled asthma, and more emergency department visits, highlighting the need for culturally and linguistically appropriate care.

Excerpt: New research reveals that pore-forming proteins in common allergens perforate airway cells, triggering immune responses that lead to respiratory allergies. This discovery uncovers a shared mechanism behind diverse allergens and offers potential new targets for allergy treatment.

Find out more about peanut oral immunotherapy as a promising treatment for young children in Australia with peanut allergy.

These findings support the effectiveness of herbal-based emollients plus in managing atopic dermatitis, extending beyond simple hydration to actively aiding in barrier repair and symptom relief.

The BTCRC LUN 16-081 trial is the first to evaluate a shorter, six-month course of consolidation immunotherapy using nivolumab alone or in combination with ipilimumab.

The study found that patients receiving the AR-PRISE intervention experienced significant improvements in symptom control, particularly over the longer term.

The study also highlighted the diagnostic challenges posed by unreliable histories and overlapping symptoms from infection-related exanthems.

Peanut oral immunotherapy (POIT), which involves gradually increasing exposure to peanut protein, has shown promise, successfully desensitising 50–70% of patients.

A recent landmark study is the first randomised, controlled trial to show clinical benefits of an allergy app for SAR sufferers.

In a new study, researchers identified a specific immune cell type, CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells producing IL-21 and IFN-γ, as a key driver of ICI-T1DM.

Discover a study linking everyday plastic chemicals to increased risks of asthma, wheezing, and allergies in young children.

Traditionally, FA management has focused on avoidance or reducing allergenicity by altering the protein structure of allergens through heat, pressure or other treatments.

The findings provide genetic evidence supporting the theory that the nervous and immune systems may interact more closely in children with ADHD.

Researchers analysed antibiotic prescriptions for a 15-month period after discharge, comparing patients with and without penicillin allergies.

One in four U.S. infants lacks Bifidobacterium, a key gut microbe essential for immune and metabolic health.

Results showed that dupilumab improved histologic, endoscopic, and symptomatic markers of EoE across all patient groups.

Specifically, for every 10-μg/m³ increase in ambient air pollutants, there was a measurable increase in AD-related healthcare visits.

Discover how climate change is profoundly altering allergic rhinitis, extending allergy seasons, and increasing healthcare burdens and educational needs globally.

The study suggests that the inflammatory processes central to AR may also affect the brain, potentially leading to mood disturbances through mechanisms such as elevated cytokines or histamine imbalance.

The combination therapy demonstrated a significantly higher response rate (98.28%) compared to loratadine alone (87.93%).

Discover a new study that has assessed the relationship between indoor home environmental exposures and lung function in children with asthma.

Discover a study that found that children with early AD were more likely to develop food allergies, whereas those with later onset were more associated with allergic rhinitis.

Discover a study where findings suggest that previous estimates may have underrepresented the true HAE population by excluding HAE-nl-C1INH.

A study has revealed that children with atopic asthma may be at greater risk of sensory processing disorder, suggesting a deeper neurodevelopmental link.

Symptoms experienced over the past week were common and impactful, with over half of the participants reporting dysphagia and nearly half experiencing heartburn.

These findings suggest that most children can maintain tolerance to nuts even after a short period without exposure, following a structured course of N-OIT.

Conducted across 19 countries, this large-scale observational study gathered data from 1,392 patients with CSU and 1,374 healthy controls.

This study investigates the role of the intranasal Schirmer test as a supportive or alternative tool to anterior rhinomanometry for allergic rhinitis.

Discover a study that highlights the importance of identifying high-risk children through biomarkers and better understanding neutrophil function in RSV infection.

Moreover, the infant’s gut microbiota may play a role in both allergy development and tolerance.

Interestingly, the study also revealed a disconnect between clinical and biological remission.

The study highlights a potentially critical role for the BDNF-NTRK2 pathway in symptom development.

This study is especially important because existing diagnostic methods, including skin testing, have shown limited sensitivity.

The PHECDA trial evaluated stapokibart as an add-on therapy during pollen season in adults with moderate-to-severe seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Discover a study that found that 58.8% of shrimp-allergic patients also had allergic rhinitis, and 11.7% had asthma. Learn more.

Children with septic shock who received ulinastatin alongside standard therapy showed significantly improved clinical outcomes.

Excessive anxiety surrounding food allergies is common and can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life.

A novel CAR T cell therapy has shown encouraging results in children and adults with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Each year, up to 138,000 people die and around 400,000 more are left permanently disabled from snakebites.

Researchers have explored the potential of intense pulsed light therapy as a supplementary treatment for refractory SAC.

The analysis demonstrated significant reductions in HAE attacks among adolescent patients.

Researchers developed a new evolutionary framework centred on immune robustness, the ability to fight infection while limiting damage.

A recent randomised clinical trial sought to determine whether high-dose aspirin remains necessary during acute-stage KD treatment.

The RILECSU phase 2 clinical trial has introduced a potential new option: rilzabrutinib.

During the immunosuppressive phase, researchers identified a marked decline in monocyte function and maturation.

Researchers have discovered a myeloid-derived APC population that is essential for generating both food- and microbiota-specific peripherally induced regulatory T cells.

The study suggests that initiating Artemisia annua SLIT during the pollen season is just as safe and well-tolerated as starting it before.

The results suggest that Wendan Decoction and acupuncture into treatment plans may enhance clinical outcomes for patients with urticaria.

A recent single-blind, randomised controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of normal saline nasal irrigation in managing allergic rhinitis symptoms.

The study found gluten-derived excipients in 44.4% of analgesics and antipyretics.

Over half of the studies identified a direct link between climate change and extended pollen seasons.

The revised mRNA-1010 formulation, evaluated in a subsequent trial, met all primary immunogenicity goals.

The study suggests that chronic inflammation caused by allergic rhinitis could contribute to carcinogenesis through oxidative stress.

Mental health concerns were prevalent, with nearly all families experiencing stress.

This study aimed to assess whether maternal exposure to LC-PCBs in indoor air during pregnancy was associated with the development of asthma.

The study also highlighted a reduction in restricted antibiotic use among patients in the intervention group compared with the control group.

This study explored the hypothesis that mucus transpiration contributes to airway inflammation and chronic respiratory disease.

While food additives play a crucial role in food preservation and enhancement, their potential long-term effects on immune and metabolic health remain a growing concern.

Recent research has identified microRNAs as crucial regulators of inflammation, offering potential new insights into allergic rhinitis pathogenesis.

Beyond antibody transfer through the placenta, breastfeeding may further enhance infant protection.

Discover why new research suggests that early and consistent exposure to food allergens may influence the development of tolerance.

Rocatinlimab, a novel therapy targeting the OX40 pathway, shows potential as an alternative treatment.

Current treatments focus on managing symptoms and include moisturisers, corticosteroids, and calcineurin inhibitors.

Recent studies demonstrate that IL-5 treatment substantially increases type I and III IFN production in mast cells exposed to respiratory viruses.

The Clinical Support Tool is a significant advancement, integrating clear clinical criteria and epinephrine treatment guidelines.

Given that 60% of asthma-related costs are attributed to severe, uncontrolled cases, the need for cost-effective treatment alternatives is crucial.

These findings indicate that omalizumab is a more effective and safer option than multi-allergen OIT for treating multi-food allergy.

Fine dust, a notable seasonal allergen, exacerbates allergic rhinitis symptoms and contributes to respiratory diseases.

Peanut oral immunotherapy using home-measured peanut butter significantly improves long-term desensitisation in children with high-threshold peanut allergy.

A proof-of-concept study was conducted to explore whether dupilumab could induce desensitisation to peanut in children with peanut allergy.

These findings suggest that vonoprazan and tetracycline dual therapy is both effective and well-tolerated, offering a valuable alternative.

These findings suggest that a preoperative radiation therapy boost can safely induce a short-term increase in stromal tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes.

The ability to pharmacologically degrade fat mass and obesity-associated protein represents a promising avenue for enhancing anti-tumour immunity.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent an exciting avenue for managing field cancerisation and reducing the keratinocyte carcinoma burden.

These findings highlight a host-intrinsic mechanism responsible for the failure of PD-L1 blockade in ovarian cancer.

The study highlights the necessity of a third vaccination to detect neutralising activity, particularly against emerging Omicron subvariants.

New research maps immune system changes across the human lifespan, revealing key insights into aging and health.

A recent study investigated the efficacy of peanut oral immunotherapy using home-measured peanut butter compared to strict peanut avoidance in children.

Fractionation techniques can significantly enhance the identification of bioactive peptides and immune-related proteins in camel and cow milk.

The findings indicate that preschool wheeze has a profound impact on families, creating high levels of worry and restricting parents’ ability to work and travel.

Targeting RELMβ may provide new therapeutic strategies to prevent severe allergic reactions and improve patient outcomes.

The newly recommended immunotherapy works by gradually increasing the body’s resistance to house dust mites.

New research finds that a mother’s allergic disease and the season of her infant’s birth significantly influence the composition of the breast milk microbiome.

Early ACQ-5 score predicts mepolizumab treatment success in severe eosinophilic asthma, guiding clinical decisions.

New data from the COVAIL trial highlight the importance of neutralizing antibody titers in reducing COVID-19 risk after mRNA boosters, with stronger protection observed in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.

This study highlights the potential of probiotics as an adjunct treatment for allergic rhinitis, offering symptom relief and improving quality of life.

Hydrolysed rice formulas offer unique advantages, such as accommodating cultural, religious, and economic preferences.

Specialist allergy care cuts asthma emergencies in Medicaid-enrolled children, improving outcomes and reducing healthcare visits.

By leveraging the immune-activating properties of epithelial cells, this study highlights the transformative potential of Th2 immunity in early cancer intervention.

A recent study explored a baked milk oral immunotherapy protocol for children with severe cow’s milk allergy.

These findings show the potential of nasal transcriptomic profiling to classify asthma into endotypes, which could inform tailored therapeutic approaches.

Atopic dermatitis, an allergic skin condition characterised by inflammation and heightened IgE levels, is often worsened by psychological stress.

EPIT shows promise in desensitising food allergy patients, but raises concerns about increased adverse events.

Food allergen exclusion increases psychosocial stress in families. Clinician support could improve food allergy management and well-being.

Trigger-specific patterns in anaphylaxis improve diagnosis and treatment, reducing delays in life-saving emergency care.

Multimodal therapy demonstrates superior efficacy in managing allergic rhinitis.

This study highlights that both the 2-dose and 3-dose HepB-CpG regimens provide better seroprotection compared to the 3-dose HepB-alum regimen.

These findings provide new insights into how circadian rhythms, through mitochondrial regulation, contribute to inflammatory responses.

Results showed that ending universal testing and masking correlated with a notable increase in hospital-onset respiratory viral infections compared to community-onset cases.

These findings provide insights into COVID-19’s underlying mechanisms, suggesting targets for interventions that could mitigate severe disease outcomes.

Elevated total immunoglobulin E levels are associated with atopic dermatitis, but IgE levels cannot reliably evaluate AD severity.

Increased exposure to ambient PM2.5 and NO2 is associated with a modestly increased risk of incident adult asthma

Neonatal gut microbiota composition is significantly associated with the risk of developing food sensitisation and food allergy

A global survey highlights the challenges faced by individuals with food allergies during air travel.

Fibre-rich diets promote beneficial microbiota, producing short-chain fatty acids that enhance immune functions.

Benralizumab has shown efficacy in reducing asthma exacerbations and controlling symptoms in severe eosinophilic asthma.

Parental anxiety improved initially, while adults reported better problem-focused coping and reduced depression over 3 months.

The results revealed a clear impact as vaccination rates rose by 1.8% among heart attack survivors and by 1.3% in adults without a history of heart attack.

Findings from the VOYAGE and EXCURSION studies confirm the efficacy of dupilumab in children aged 6–11 years with moderate-to-severe type 2 asthma.

In a small Swiss study, patients with adult-onset egg white allergy exhibited moderate to severe restrictions in daily life.

Dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, can predispose individuals to allergies, while a balanced gut microbiome fosters immune tolerance.

The trial highlighted that the Zagreb regimen led to fewer doses and a shorter vaccination period, improving compliance and cost-effectiveness.

The trial found increased beneficial gut bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, alongside reduced pro-inflammatory species.

A recent study explored the effectiveness of four treatment protocols, including nasal corticosteroids and antihistamines for children with allergic rhinitis.

Between 1990–2010, the number of African children with asthma rose from 34 million to 50 million, driven partly by increased urbanisation.