Neurology

Epilepsy affects around 50 million people worldwide. Approximately 30% of them experience drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), which…

Exploration of key data on chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) presented at EHA 2025. Post-hoc analysis of the ADHERE…

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex, lifelong neurological condition that presents with unpredictable symptoms, progressive disability…

Historically, sex-related differences have been underexplored in neurology. It is important to highlight the distinction between sex and…

Epilepsy is a serious and common neurological condition, characterised by recurring, unprovoked seizures, affecting approximately 25…

Neurosonology is a versatile, non-invasive diagnostic modality for evaluating cerebral circulatory disorders.1 It provides real-time…

In this patient-focused interview, EMJ spoke to Jean-Philippe Plançon, a patient with chronic inflammatory demyelinating….

It all began when my mother was diagnosed with Huntington’s disease. At the time, Huntington’s was a rare disease, and it still is by…

EMJ spoke with Christina Dalla, a pioneering researcher in neuropsychopharmacology and expert in sex differences in neuropsychiatric…

EMJ spoke with Lukas Rasulic to explore the latest advances in peripheral nerve repair, the integration of functional neurosurgery, and…

Neurocysticercosis, a parasitic brain infection caused by the larvae of Taenia solium that leads to cysts in the central nervous system…

For this article, EMJ conducted an interview with Ahmed Abdelmoity, Professor and Director, Division of Neurology, Children’s Mercy…

CAR T Therapy: The NEX-T Frontier in MS, a BMS non-promotional symposium at ECTRIMS 2024, presents a thought-provoking view on the potential role of CAR-T cell therapy in Multiple Sclerosis. 𝗙𝗼𝗿 𝗛𝗲𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗵𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘀𝗼𝗻𝗹𝘆. 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝘀𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘂𝗺 𝘄𝗮𝘀 𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗳𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗕𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗹 𝗠𝘆𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗦𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗯𝗯. 𝗕𝗠𝗦 𝗺𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱/𝗼𝗿 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗺𝗮𝘆 𝗯𝗲 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗰𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗱. (IMM-GB-2400302) | Date of Prep: June 2025

This symposium, ‘A case-based approach to navigating treatment switch in late-onset Pompe Disease (LOPD)’, was held at the 21st…

The landscape of neurology biomarkers has evolved significantly in recent years, affording new clinical insights that are helping to…

Generalised myasthenia gravis (gMG) is a rare and chronic IgG-mediated autoimmune neuromuscular disease that causes fluctuating and…

Leading neurologist discusses evidence from a real-world post hoc analysis of the PERMIT study supporting perampanel as early add-on…

Becker is a serious, progressive muscular dystrophy that presents predominantly in males due to an X-linked…

This promotional advertorial article has been fully commissioned by Lundbeck Ltd. UK PI & AER info is available within the article…

This article summarises an Orchard Therapeutic-sponsored symposium titled ‘New horizons for metachromatic leukodystrophy – with the advent…

Altered gut microbiome profiles correlate with anxiety and depression in humans, and work in animal models has identified specific…

The human body is a holistic system, interconnected by the circulatory, nervous, lymphatic, endocrine, and immune systems that facilitate…

Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a rare immune-mediated disorder characterised by progressive, asymmetric muscle weakness…

Phase 2 randomised controlled trial (RCT) of BMS-986446, a monoclonal antibody targeting the tau microtubule binding region (MTBR)…

This article has now been retracted and a retraction statement has been published.

There have been great advances in the field of generalised myasthenia gravis (gMG) in recent years, but many patients remain dissatisfied…

This article summarises a LivaNova-sponsored symposium entitled ‘The Power of Real-World Evidence with CORE-VNS’, delivered on 7th…

At the 2024 European Association of Neurology (EAN) Congress, one satellite symposium discussed the recognition, diagnosis, and treatment…

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) refers to a collection of rare and severe epilepsies that feature both seizures and…

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies targeting proteins on the neuromuscular junction. Around 85%…

During this symposium, held at the 10th Congress of the European Academy of Neurology (EAN), speakers highlighted that chronic insomnia…

Nipocalimab, a high-affinity, fully human, aglycosylated, effectorless, monoclonal antibody, has been developed as an add-on treatment…

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with an estimated…

Individuals with neuromuscular diseases (NMD), where deterioration in bulbar function coexists with respiratory muscle weakness, are at…

The occurrence of intramedullary spinal cord abscesses (ISCA) is rare, a phenomenon attributable to a confluence of physiological and…

Fever is a common medical issue encountered in neurorehabilitation units. The most common cause of fever is infection; the common…

I completed my neurology training in Mumbai, India. At the end of my general medical degree, I was influenced by a top-rate neurologist…

When I started as a neurologist and a clinical pharmacologist, there were a lot of interesting developments in movement disorders…

The rare diseases Duchenne and Becker are X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorders.1 They are characterised by progressive…

A masterclass initiated, organised, and funded by UCB, sought to advance understanding and expertise of myelin oligodendrocyte…

Non-seizure symptoms in Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes can affect speech, gait, appetite, mood, development, and sleep and impact…

Many patients experience impairment following a stroke, including motor or cognitive impairment, urinary incontinence, dysphagia…

First described by German physician Peter Emil Becker in the 1950s, Becker is an X-linked genetic recessive disorder. Like Duchenne…

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that is estimated to affect approximately 300,000 individuals worldwide…

Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe childhood-onset epilepsy syndrome that can be challenging to identify due to its heterogeneous and..

The deficiency of arylsulfatase A due to the mutations in the ARSA gene is the cause of a rare inherited lysosomal storage disease…

It is essential to address psychological health, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), among patients who have recovered from…

Carreño began by discussing the spectrum of uncontrolled epilepsies. They stressed that uncontrolled epilepsy does not necessarily…

This article has now been retracted and a retraction statement has been published.

In the rare neuromuscular disorders classed as NDM, muscle stiffness (myotonia) is the major symptom and is defined by a delayed muscle…

The maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is dependent upon several nuclear gene-encoded proteins including enzymes forming the…

My science degrees were pivotal in fuelling my passions and setting out my career path. During my undergraduate physiology degree…

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a unique disease with an autosomal recessive inheritance, occurring due to the accumulation…

COVID-19 infection was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, as a pneumonia outbreak presenting with fever…

Primary and secondary lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The World…

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillary complex…

Paraneoplastic autonomic neuropathy is a syndrome with an unclear aetiology and wide array of symptoms. Some studies have identified a strong autoimmune component in the development of paraneoplastic autonomic neuropathy, though some aetiologies are non-immune in nature.

Measurement of fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration is an emerging approach offering improved diagnostic accuracy of neuropsychiatric conditions, particularly for atypical presentations. This article reports a case where the diagnosis of delirium with dementia was revised based on biomarker analysis, enabling treatment of a primary mood disorder with resolution of recurrent disabling psychiatric symptoms.

In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), Alzheimer’s disease (AD [named after the German psychiatrist and neuropathologist, Alois Alzheimer, who first described it]), is considered as a major or mild neuro-cognitive disorder…

Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare systemic disease caused by plasma cell dyscrasia. These plasma cells produce excess Ig light chains, which can misfold, aggregate, and deposit in tissues, resulting in toxicity and organ dysfunction. The heart is among the most commonly affected organs and cardiac involvement is associated with significantly worse outcomes.

While people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are not more likely to contract COVID-19, the incidences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19-related complications may be higher for people with MS who have comorbidities or who are taking certain disease modifying therapies (DMT).

Fox emphasised that PD is one of the fastest-growing neurological disorders. Disability and deaths related to it have more than doubled from 1990–2015. Its prevalence is expected to grow exponentially by 2040, affecting approximately 12.9 million individuals worldwide.

People with migraine, and individuals with other neurological conditions, have suffered in multiple aspects during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper will discuss the factors that impacted the neurology department.

NDM includes a group of rare hereditary neuromuscular disorders caused by mutations in the genes that encode sodium or chloride muscle channels.1 Myotonia is the hallmark symptom of NDM and presents as muscle stiffness, often associated with pain, fatigue, and weakness, which can limit function.

Adult-onset idiopathic focal dystonia is the most common type of primary dystonia, and adult-onset idiopathic cervical dystonia (AOICD) is its most prevalent phenotype.

Patients can present with chief complaints and symptoms that differ from the eventual diagnoses. The differences between aetiologies versus complications must be appreciated through careful evaluation and use of clinical investigations, laboratory testing, trial of hypotheses, and clinical gestalt.

Diencephalic syndrome (DS), first described by Russell in 1951, is a rare cause of failure to thrive in infants and young children with preservation of linear growth.

MLD is caused by an accumulation of sulfatides in various organs and predominantly the central nervous system (CNS). Patients have an initial period of normal development, then experience developmental delay or stagnation (Figure 1).

Non-dystrophic myotonias (NDM) are a group of rare muscle disorders with a reported prevalence of 0.75−1.7 per 100,000 population (Figure 1).

Recognising acute stroke symptoms is crucial in providing timely treatment. However, evidence suggests that females often experience unique symptoms compared with males, resulting in delays to seeking medical attention and treatment.

Dysfunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) have been proposed as the aetiology for multiple neuropsychiatric diseases. While overactivity of NMDA receptors causing excitotoxicity has been implicated in epilepsy, dementia, and stroke, low activity may produce symptoms resembling those of schizophrenia.

Obesity and increased adipose tissue are linked with inflammation, the driving force behind neurologic disorders like Alzheimer’s disease…

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. It mainly occurs in patients with chronic liver…

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder attributed to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.

Both spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are monogenic neuromuscular diseases, which cause progressive proximal-to-distal muscular weakness, leading to loss of motor function and related pulmonary and musculoskeletal co-morbidities and reduced survival.

NF1 is an autosomal dominant disorder, arising from a mutation in the gene that encodes neurofibromin. It is a tumour-predisposing…

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a rare disease, occurring in approximately 1 in 3,000 people. Among the numerous manifestations…

At the 7th Congress of the European Academy of Neurology (EAN), held virtually in June 2021, real-world data on the efficacy and safety of…

Multiple sclerosis is a common and chronic neurological disorder that affects over 2.8 million individuals worldwide every year…

Cannabidiol (CBD) comes from Cannabis sativa, which is a medicinal plant known to have several properties. Several types of extracts from…

Ioannis Sfontouris  | President of the European Academy of Neurology (EAN); Professor of Neurology and Head of the Neurology Department… %

Here the speakers present highlights of a virtual satellite symposium at the 7th Congress of the European Academy of Neurology…

Both my parents were clinical biochemists, and ran their lab next to our house, so I grew up in between microscopes, electrophoretic apparatuses…

Since medical school I have had a special interest in cognitive neurology and higher cortical functions, and actually started out doing a…

Vocal cord paralysis or weakness can be a symptom of malignancy, caused by viral infection, iatrogenic, a result of trauma, idiopathic…

Turner syndrome (TS) is one of the most frequent chromosomal aberrations, caused by the partial or complete loss of one X chromosome…

The patient was admitted to the hospital for further study of the neurological changes, treatment of serious anaemia…

Parsonage–Turner Syndrome (PTS) is a rare disease of the brachial plexus of unclear aetiology. The authors present a case of PTS with a rare combination of unilateral brachial plexus, phrenic nerve, and recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries.

This document aims to provide an overview of the clinical and regulatory challenges faced in the use of cannabinoid-based products in medicine, without becoming a comprehensive humanity review of the literature on the medical possibilities of cannabinoids.

Non-dystrophic myotonias (NDM) manifest as delayed muscle relaxation (myotonia) leading to muscle stiffness that may diminish or worsen…

Migraines involve intense head pain, which severely affects the activities of daily living, and is the is the third most common disease in the world…

Infection of the central nervous system is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children.

Neurologists are familiar with S1P receptor modulators as a class, largely based on several years’ experience with fingolimod. Siponimod and ozanimod…

This series of four talks was aimed at providing healthcare professionals (HCP) with an understanding of the need for early diagnosis of AD to enable refined care

I became interested whilst working in multiple sclerosis clinics roughly 20 years ago. Some of my patients came to the clinic and told me that they…

Presented here are highlights of a virtual satellite symposium from the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) 2020 Virtual Congress…

The global population is ageing, and the prevalence of dementia is increasing. Current conventional drug therapy lacks efficacy; therefore…

The human body harbours a diverse community of symbiotic, commensal, and pathogenic micro-organisms including bacteria, viruses, and fungi…

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative condition with few effective treatments. New techniques have been developed to provide a more accurate diagnosis, earlier in the disease course.

This article serves as a review of the approach to a patient with suspected neurological infection with an emphasis on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of the major causes of meningitis and encephalitis.

Schwannomas are benign, painless, firm nodules, 1–2 cm in diameter, that develop from the Schwann cells of peripheral nerve sheaths…

Neurodegenerative disorders constitute a worldwide concern attributable to the ageing of the human population.