Reproductive Health

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity, which commonly presents with…

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection linked to genital, anal, and oral warts, as well as cervical and other…

Leiomyomas or fibroids are the most frequently encountered benign neoplasm of smooth muscle origin in women of reproductive age…

Looking back to the year 2000, we were very divided across the world in understanding PCOS. The Americans had a different definition from…

The healthcare industry is known for its demanding and stressful working conditions. The complex link between job-related stressors…

Caudal regression syndrome (CRS) is a group of defects with premature development of the terminal vertebral column, with an incidence of…

I started off with no particular direction in mind and began training to be a general practitioner (GP). Realising that I needed more…

At the beginning of my research career, I investigated whether electrical stimulation could improve blood flow in the uterine arteries…

When I graduated from Oxford in the early 80s, epidemiology was a key, innovative discipline. There were several important discoveries at…

At the end of medical school, it is difficult to choose a path for the future, a specialty for the next 50 years! Finding a good mentor is…

The development of a blood clot (thrombus) in a deep vein, usually in the lower limbs, is known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Pain…

Fetal movements are defined as any discrete kick, flutter, swish, or roll, first perceived between 16–18 weeks in multiparous females…

Cervical cancer is a consequence of long-term infection with human papillomavirus. It is ranked fourth in both incidence and cancer-related…

Maternal and fetal outcomes associated with the authors’ approach of Caesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta spectrum disorders…

Cervical cancer is established as a major cause of morbidity and mortality among females globally.1 In Kenya, and other countries with…

HIV is an epidemic in Kenya. Females living with HIV (FLHIV) have an eight-fold increased risk of a pregnancy-related death compared to…

While awareness of the issues facing women leading up to, during, and following the menopause has increased in recent years…

Infertility rates are rising. Infertility is generally defined as the failure to establish clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular…

Every year, over 300,000 females die due to complications in pregnancy and childbirth, and approximately 15% of all females…

The present study reports a complete hydatidiform mole presenting with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome after dilatation and evacuation…

Ovotesticular disorders of sex development (ODSD) is an extremely rare congenital disease characterised by the presence of both testicular…

Unintended pregnancies have significant and potentially negative impacts on females and their families. Further, these pregnancies…

After leaving Cambridge University, UK, with a degree in economics, in 1975 I became a research scientist at Exeter University, Devon, UK…

COVID-19 is an infectious disease that has become a worldwide pandemic. This disease can infect anyone who has been exposed…

It was by accident really. I was very keen to have a career in internal medicine and did not really know what specialty to follow…

Honestly, it was kind of random. I was at a lecture talking about the mating behaviour of fish, and that triggered me to start…

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) affects up to 25% of females of reproductive age, and 15% of all females worldwide. It is a common complaint of females visiting the gynaecology outpatient department.

Thrombocytopenia (TCP) is the second most common haematological finding in pregnancy next to anaemia. It carries a risk for both the mother and the fetus, associated with substantial maternal or neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, a specific therapy, if instituted promptly, improves the outcome for affected patients and their offspring. In patients in India, TCP during pregnancy is an underexplored condition.

Abnormalities of the umbilical cord are very common in pregnancy. These include marginal insertion, velamentous cord insertion, umbilical cord true knot, umbilical torsion, and many more.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain among the most significant causes of pregnancy-related complications. The research by the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) group revealed that non-pharmacological measures and intervention such as diet can be used to control blood pressure.

EMJ team had the pleasure of interviewing two specialists: Mausumi Das, Consultant Gynaecologist and a Subspecialist in Reproductive Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

EMJ team had the pleasure of interviewing two specialists: Signe Altmäe Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Granada, Spain, and Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolina Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Male factor aetiologies account for approximately 50% of infertility in couples, with azoospermia diagnosed in up to 15% of infertile males. The World Health Organization (WHO) semen analysis parameters are universally used and define azoospermia as an absence of spermatozoa identified in wet or centrifuged ejaculate samples.

Endometriosis is characterised by the presence of endometrium-like tissue on the pelvis and other organs. Progesterone resistance due to suppressed progesterone receptor (PGR) expression and action is a general feature of endometriosis and is a cause of endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain, infertility, inflammatory disorders, and cancer.

Improving maternal health has been a major concern worldwide. This is evident by maternal health being included in the Millennium Development Goals, with the goal of reducing maternal mortality by three-quarters by 2015, and now the Sustainable Development Goals, with targets set to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births.

To establish the level of serum progesterone (P4) on the day of oocyte retrieval beyond which it can affect the outcome of in vitro fertilisation (IVF), and to further establish the incidence of serum P4 rise in an agonist and antagonist cycle.

Analysing female experiences of contraception using a post-placental intra-uterine contraceptive device (IUD)…

Infertility is one of the major health concerns faced by individuals globally. The 2021 United Nations (UN) World Population Prospects…

Increased contraceptive choice is a pivotal shift in modern contraception that has improved the autonomy of females and may help to better match contraception to their individual and cultural identities.

Ioannis Sfontouris  | Director of Embryology at Mitera/Hygeia IVF Athens, Greece; Honorary Assistant Professor in Clinical Embryology…

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of freeze-all cycles and subsequent FETs. Annalisa Racca outlined the…

I’ve been interested in reproductive and maternal health since very early on in medical school. As an undergraduate, I did my dissertation…

The use of assisted reproduction techniques has been associated with obstetric complications. An understanding about which methods…

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a set of obstetric conditions with abnormal adhesion of placental tissue to the myometrium.

Endometriosis is a complex gynaecological disorder characterised by the presence of endometrium-like tissue outside…

Multifetal pregnancies are estimated to represent 3.2% of all pregnancies (80% are dichorionic and 20% monochorionic)…

Ectopic or extrauterine pregnancy (EP) is a first trimester pregnancy complication that occurs in 1.3–2.4% of all pregnancies…

Uterine fibroids (UFs), also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are gynaecological tumours typical of reproductive age…

Endometriosis is a chronic condition, characterised by the presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity, such as the pelvic cavity, the…

THE LAUNCH of the state‑of‑the‑art Voluson™ SWIFT (GE Healthcare, Chicago, Illinois, USA) on 29th September 2020 marked a revolutionary progression…

The most challenging patients for fertility care providers are the poor ovarian responders (POR)…

Prof Andrew Shennan | Professor of Obstetrics, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK…

Gametes are highly specialised cells that allow the birth of new individuals and, with that, the continuation of a species…

The need to preserve women’s fertility urgently arises when unforeseen circumstances occur in assisted reproductive technology (ART)…

In medical imaging, the most commonly employed deep learning methods are convolutional neural networks (CNN).1-8 Compared to classical machine learning…

Mobile device applications (apps) debuted in 2008, and the world was transformed by these small pieces of software, seemingly overnight. Medical science…

WHAT is the value of newborn screening (NBS) to the rare diseases community?…

Compression of the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta by the gravid uterus in addition to hypotension following spinal anaesthesia during…

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a hypergonadotropic hypogonadism condition which is characterised by impairment of ovarian function on a…

This symposium took place on Tuesday 25th June 2019 as part of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) annual meeting in…

The field of reproductive medicine is recognised for its rapid innovations and advanced technologies, but also for its connection with lucrative medical…

Spermatozoa are vehicles whereby the male genome is transported to the oocyte to participate in syngamy with the female genome and form the resulting…

The importance of ultrasound (US) technology to the working practices of reproductive health physicians is difficult to overstate. “It is not so much…

Our study found that patients with serum P <9.2 ng/mL on the day of ET had a significantly lower OPR; but that endometrial volume was not related to OPR…

The concept of an integrated healthcare practice is universally accepted, but, in fact, the differences between the healthcare systems, legislations…

Fertility preservation is increasingly attracting the attention of physicians and patients. The advances in oncologic care worldwide have made it possible…

Vaginismus is a female sexual dysfunction with a multifactorial aetiology, and is characterised by recurrent or persistent involuntary spasm of the perineum muscles, which are adjacent to the lower third of the vagina.

The cryopreservation of human spermatozoa for assisted reproduction techniques is a clinical practice implemented worldwide since its early beginnings…

Uterine fibroids, also known as myomas, are benign growths of the uterus’ smooth muscle tissue. They are the most common tumours to be found in the lower…

The cryopreservation of gametes, as well as more complex multicellular organisms such as embryos, is an increasingly common practice in the field of…

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a complex procedure, the success of which is dependent on several factors at every step of the process. Despite major advances, IVF implantation rates (IR) remain low and only a small percentage of patients achieve pregnancy.

Experts gave educational lectures on important topics within ethics, legislation and donor children, donor sperm and eggs, and genetics, which are the…

Since the birth of Louise Brown, the first in vitro fertilisation (IVF) baby in 1978, >5 million babies have been born using assisted reproduction…

Oocyte cryopreservation has improved in recent years and is receiving widespread clinical use with increasing demand for fertility preservation…

This review discusses specific challenges associated with traditional non-molecular and older-generation molecular techniques in reproductive health, and…

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) with donated oocytes is the most effective assisted reproduction treatment currently available; however, repeated…

The field of reproductive health is currently seeing rapid advancements. This was very much on display at the recent European Society of Human…

In celebration of the 40th anniversary of the first in vitro fertilisation (IVF) baby this year, the symposium focussed on the modern-day approach to…

This symposium took place during the 2018 Annual Meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). It centred on the role of…

The human body is colonised by many more bacteria than there are human cells. In addition to bacteria, there are other micro-organisms, although less…

The prospect of cancer survivorship has changed significantly in the past decades. Cancer patients are now living longer and healthcare professionals are…

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common indications of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for monogenic disorders worldwide.

Human oocytes have an abundance of mitochondria that have their own genome. Mitochondrial functions are exerted through evolutionarily-developed…

n this review, the authors appraise the effects of elevated androgens in CAH on the anatomic, hormonal, and psychosocial aspects of reproductive function.

Transferring embryos that are most likely to successfully implant and develop is important in optimising the efficiency of assisted conception…

The immature oocytes within primordial follicles are arrested at Prophase I of meiosis and remain dormant until awakened by an increase in intracellular…

Until the 1970s, science was a male-dominated field and the opportunities for women to conduct biomedical research were limited. Marie Skłodowska Curie…

Infertility has become a significant problem worldwide. Multiple management options are available nowadays, which include intrauterine insemination (IUI)…

Cryopreservation is an integral part of the current methods of assisted reproductive technology (ART). In the past two decades, slow freezing has been…

Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have unique endocrine and metabolic characteristics, whereby the incidence and potentiality of obesity, as…

Maternal ovarian torsion in pregnancy is very rare. Non-specific symptoms, signs, and imaging findings make the diagnosis difficult.

The multitude of research clarifying critical factors in embryonic organ development has been instrumental in human stem cell research. Mammalian…

The use of donor oocytes has expanded the scope of assisted reproductive technology (ART) for women with poor oocyte quantity and quality.

Endometriosis is a chronic condition that affects ˜10% of young women worldwide. Pain and infertility are the two most common features..

It is well known that consumption of a balanced diet throughout adulthood is key toward maintenance of optimal body weight and cardiovascular health.

How many of us know we observe World Breastfeeding Week (WBW) from 1st–7th August, every year? World Breastfeeding Week is co-ordinated by the World…